christopher reardon

COMPLEX ISSUES. COMPELLING STORIES.

Over the last 25 years, work and pleasure have taken me to 48 countries on five continents. Along the way I’ve met presidents and peace laureates. Interviewed artists and activists, soldiers and sheikhs. Broken bread with farmers, teachers, doctors and merchants. Knocked back beers with pastors and policy wonks. At the end of the day, I’ve slept on luxe sheets and in lumpy beds, among strangers on straw mats and under the desert stars.

Why do I do it? A passion for writing. A commitment to social change. And, yes, a little Wanderlust.

In the course of my travels I’ve shot thousands of photographs, and written hundreds of thousands of words, about the places I’ve been and the people I’ve met. I created this site to share some of them with you.

• Seasoned contributor to the New York Times, the Christian Science Monitor and other major publications.
• Gifted storyteller with flair for compelling human narratives that advance complex policy issues.
• Savvy communications strategist with insights on development and social change.
  
  

http://www.creardon.com/archives/FFR/FFR42.html
http://www.creardon.com/archives/FFR/Secrets_of_the_Sahara.pdf

Peace and Social Justice Ford Foundation

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Peace and Social Justice Ford FoundationBuilding a more secure and equitable world throughgovernance, civil society, and human rights
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Four Vital GoalsIn keeping with the foundation’smission, the Peace and Social Justiceprogram has identified four vital goalsthat guide its work.We seek to foster institutions andpractices of governance that aretransparent, accountable, responsive,and effective in promoting peaceand social justice. Accordingly, wesupport efforts to:—ensure that decision making at theglobal level is democratic, particularlyin the areas of international economics,conflict, and security;— advance democratic reforms andencourage government institutions totake steps to secure peace and socialjustice; and— increase the capacity and responsive-ness of local governments, especiallythrough greater input from citizens.We aim to strengthen civil society inways that help it promote peace,social justice, and democratic renewal.To that end, we make grants to:—heighten the impact of citizens’groups and social movements workingfor peace and social justice;— create a legal, regulatory, and fiscalenvironment that can sustain thesegroups and movements; and— protect democratic “public spheres”that encourage debate on key policyissues and enable citizen oversight ofpublic and private power.We work to promote equal accessto justice and to protect the full rangeof human rights for all membersof society. In particular, we fundefforts to:— encourage government officials andthe public to recognize and promoteeconomic, social, and cultural rights aswell as civil and political rights;—implement human rights inconcrete ways that improve people’slives; and— secure the human rights of particu-larly vulnerable individuals and groups.We strive to empower communitiesand individuals to understand andassert their right to sexual and repro-ductive health. More specifically, wesupport organizations working to:— implement the principles of sexualand reproductive health endorsedat the International Conference onPopulation and Development, held inCairo in 1994, and reaffirmed at theFourth World Conference on Women,held the following year in Beijing;— develop social conditions thatpromote and safeguard sexual andreproductive health and slow thespread of H.I.V./AIDS; and—promote dialogue on culturaland social values, as well as ethicaland legal frameworks, that supportwomen’s empowerment andgender equity.
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About the FoundationThe Ford Foundation is an independent organization thatseeks to strengthen democratic values, reduce poverty andinjustice, promote international cooperation, and advancehuman achievement. It works mainly by making grants forresearch, dialogue, advocacy, and policy analysis thatfurthers these goals.The foundation believes that the best way to address thechallenges facing societies is to encourage initiatives by thepeople living and working closest to where problems andopportunities are located. Often these initiatives work bestwhen they promote collaboration among the nonprofit,government, and business sectors and when they ensureparticipation by men and women from diverse communitiesat all levels of society.The American entrepreneurs Henry and Edsel Ford establishedthe foundation in 1936 to support charitable and educationalinstitutions in Michigan, where they both lived. In 1950 thefoundation moved its headquarters to New York and beganto make grants on a national and international level. It nolonger has any ties to the Ford Motor Company.The foundation manages its diversified investment portfolioto provide a perpetual source of support for its programsand operations. As of June 30, 2003, it had assets valued at$9.7 billion and a grant budget of more than $300 millionper year.The foundation’s board of trustees relies on an internationalstaff to explore funding possibilities, evaluate grant applica-tions, and recommend grants for approval. Staff membersin New York and 12 regional offices—located in Africa, theMiddle East, Asia, Latin America, and Russia—spend aboutone-third of the foundation’s grant budget on programsin Peace and Social Justice. The foundation does not supportorganizations that promote or engage in violence, terrorism,bigotry, or the destruction of any state.
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Over the last hundred years, societies around the globehave generated more wealth than in any other centuryin history. Yet they have also produced more bloodshedand greater inequities than the world has ever known.The best hope for curtailing such strife and suffering—and letting more people share in the benefits ofprosperity—lies with an engaged populace and publicofficials who are committed to building a more secureand equitable future. To realize this vision, peoplearound the world are taking steps to strengthenthe rule of law, establish democratic and accountablegovernments, and create opportunities for civilsociety to thrive.The Ford Foundation’s Peace and Social Justiceprogram works globally to tackle some of the mostdifficult issues facing societies today. Our grantees areleading efforts to build inclusive democracies; curbgovernment waste and corruption; safeguard the rightsof women, refugees, and other vulnerable groups;and ensure reproductive freedom. They are exploringways to end racial discrimination, stop nuclear prolifer-ation, curtail the spread of H.I.V./AIDS, and remedyinequities in the international financial system. Attimes these can seem like distant aspirations. But wehave seen real progress toward these goals, as wellas vital opportunities for continued gains.Peace and Social Justice — Ford Foundation
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Our efforts to promote peace and social justice focus onfour interrelated fields:— Governance— Civil Society— Human Rights— Sexuality and Reproductive HealthWe regard these fields as interdependent and mutuallyreinforcing. No society can fully protect human rights withoutgood governance and an active citizenry.One distinguishing feature of Peace and Social Justicegrant making is its global scope. Our staff works out of thefoundation’s headquarters in New York and in all 12 of itsregional offices around the world. These many vantagepoints put us in close contact with local scholars, activists,and public officials striving to develop solutions that areappropriate to different historical, cultural, and politicalcontexts. They also enable us to fund regional and inter-national work by people in different countries who aresharing ideas and resources to maximize their contributionto positive social change.The Peace and Social Justice program consists of two alliedunits. Our Human Rights unit promotes economic, social,and cultural rights as well as civil and political rights. It alsoworks on sexuality and reproductive health, a field thatcuts across each of the foundation’s three major programs.Our particular focus in this field is empowering people tounderstand and assert their fundamental right to sexualand reproductive health.Through our Governance and Civil Society unit, we areworking to put in place the basic building blocks of democracy.Our grantees seek to strengthen institutions and relationshipsthat allow people to reconcile disparate interests and4
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make collective decisions that advance the common good.These efforts embrace the values of human rights and focuson ways to achieve justice for all members of society, parti-cularly those who are most vulnerable.At its core, this body of work recognizes that peace isa precondition for fully attaining the foundation’s goals.Armed conflict destroys not only human lives, but alsolivelihoods, governments, civil institutions, and trust—in short, everything in its wake. We believe that buildingjust and equitable societies is the only way to sustainpeace over the long term.5Photo: Hundreds of refugees flee the conflict in Rwanda, wherelivelihoods, government agencies, civic institutions, and public trust havebeen disrupted by civil war.
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GovernanceIn many parts of the world, the word government evokesimages of bureaucracy, tyranny, or corruption. These perceptionssometimes reflect real breaches of public trust. Yet effectivedemocratic institutions remain an essential component ofsafe, free, and prosperous societies. Indeed, governments canplay a crucial role in mediating and fulfilling the diverseaspirations of their constituents.They do this best when they engage civil society in the processof governance, which we define as the exercise of democraticauthority over matters of public concern. Our work exploresways to make this process more transparent, more accountable,and more responsive—as well as more effective in achievingpeace and justice. Thus, we support efforts within governmentalinstitutions that share this vision of working more inclusivelyand producing more equitable results.We also support efforts by nongovernmental organizationsand nonprofit groups that seek to increase citizen participa-tion, a vital factor in genuinely democratic governance. Manyof our grantees around the world are working to expandopportunities for people to find out what their governmentsare doing and hold them accountable to the common good.Sometimes this work entails removing legal and social barriersthat keep people from voting. Beyond that, it calls for a moreactive form of citizenship, whereby everyone has the abilityto engage in debates, help set public priorities, and shapegovernment policy.Citizen participation in governance is necessary not justat the local level, but in the global arena, too. Increasingly,the decisions that shape the lives of individuals, families, andcommunities are made in distant capitals by internationalorganizations like the World Trade Organization. It’s no longerpossible for countries to neatly separate domestic governancefrom international affairs. The democratic responsibilities ofgovernments to their citizens parallel their responsibilities to7
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the global community of nations. Thus, beyond well-establishedconcerns like local governance, electoral reform, budget analy-sis, and the role of the state, our governance work includesgrant making on peace and security, on reforming internationalfinancial institutions, and on conflict resolution.Meanwhile, our foreign policy task force—a network of staffmembers throughout the Peace and Social Justice program—makes grants to restore confidence in multilateral approachesto solving global problems. It works in three areas: generatingnew solutions, communicating these ideas to decision makers,and strengthening support for them by public and politicalconstituencies.We are also committed to exploring ways that increasinglydiverse nations can govern themselves. As countries andsocieties around the world undergo continual demographicchange, they must wrestle with complex issues of differenceand identity, religion and ethnicity, migration and citizenship.How can increasingly cosmopolitan societies govern them-selves in ways that respect differences while fostering agenuine sense of the common or public interest? This is a keychallenge for the 21st century.We seek to promote democratic governance because webelieve it best expresses the wishes and needs of the populace,and is most likely to produce a just, peaceful, and equitableworld. Accordingly, the overarching goal of our work in thisfield is to foster institutions and practices of governance thatare transparent, accountable, responsive, and effective inpromoting peace and social justice.Many of our grants aim to ensure that decision makingat the global level is democratic, particularly in the areas ofinternational economics, conflict, and security. For example,through the Initiative for Policy Dialogue at Columbia University,leading economists such as Joseph Stiglitz, who won a NobelPrize in 2001, are working to level the playing field in globalnegotiations on economic, trade, and finance policy. Specifically,they are training government officials, scholars, activists,business leaders, and journalists in developing countries to8Peace and Social Justice
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evaluate economic policy alternatives and develop a betterunderstanding of the available options.This line of grants also includes a new portfolio that supportsefforts to prevent and resolve conflicts within and amongneighboring countries. In particular, it seeks to develop multi-lateral mechanisms that include both government and civilsociety; promote new thinking on conflict, especially amongactors from the global South; and provide support to state andcivil society institutions in post-conflict situations.We also support efforts to advance democratic reforms andencourage government institutions to take steps to securepeace and social justice. In the United States, several granteesare working to engage the entire citizenry in democraticprocesses by exploring ways to reform campaign financelaws and to restore voting rights to ex-offenders who havepaid their debt to society. Meanwhile, grantees in Brazil andIndonesia are seeking police reforms aimed at increasingcivilian oversight of the government security apparatus.Moreover, we make grants to organizations working tostrengthen the capacity and responsiveness of local govern-ments. In particular, we support efforts that emphasizecitizen participation. For example, the International BudgetProject assists organizations in nearly 40 countries thatare pressing for more open and transparent negotiationsabout government budgets. The project also works tobuild the capacity of citizens’ groups to engage in dialogueabout priorities.9GovernancePhoto: A Mexican man exercises his right to vote in the eastern stateof Puebla in July 2003.
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Civil SocietyThroughout history, people have come together voluntarilyto defend and advance their common interests. After thecollapse of authoritarian regimes in Eastern Europe, scholarsand activists revived the term civil society to describe the prolif-eration of associations and networks that enable peopleto do this.At their best, such civic groups build social cohesion andprovide a bulwark against the abuse of public or private power.Yet, the independent public spaces where they thrive are beingeroded by censorship, commercialization and consolidation ofthe media, security concerns, and declining rates of politicalparticipation.Some countries still lack constitutional and legal frameworksthat guarantee freedom of speech and freedom of associa-tion. But even where these guarantees are in place, suchas the United States, growing economic inequalities leadto clear disparities in whose voices are heard and whichassociations flourish.At the international level, citizens’ groups increasingly forgealliances that span the globe. Together, they have built broadmovements to ban land mines, offer debt relief to developingcountries, and temper the excesses of globalization. Yet thepolitical and commercial opposition these movementsface is formidable.Our work seeks to expand the space for citizen organizing inways that promote peace and social justice. We do so becausewe believe that free elections alone do not constitute afunctioning democracy. Citizens must also have meaningfulopportunities to engage in public deliberation, argument,and dissent—as well as the ability to organize and advocate.Strong and independent citizens’ groups promote accounta-bility and enable new and marginalized voices to be heard.To achieve these ends, we support organizations that seekto educate, motivate, and mobilize people to take action toinfluence the policy issues that touch their lives.11
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Increasingly, we seek opportunities to support movementsthat bridge ideological, geographic, or thematic divides. Welook for ways that grass-roots groups, nonprofit intermedi-aries, and membership organizations can articulate commongoals, build new coalitions, promote mutual accountability,and learn from each other.Each of the foundation’s programs works through civil societyto advance its objectives. But we see strong, independent,plural, and democratic civil societies as a goal in and of them-selves. We focus explicitly on efforts to expand the arena foractive citizenship, encourage collective action, and build amore inclusive public sphere. We do so because we believethese activities form a wellspring of values, motivations,and social energy that can fuel positive transformation ineconomics, politics, and public life.The overall goal of our work in this field is to strengthen civilsociety in ways that help promote peace, social justice, anddemocratic renewal.To further this objective, we support efforts to increase theimpact of citizens’ groups and social movements working forpeace and social justice. Typically, we make grants that enablesuch groups to strengthen their internal capacities, createcollaborative projects, and build alliances with the governmentand business sectors. For example, the Uongozi Institute inKenya is working to foster civic and intellectual leadershipqualities among the next generation of East African leaders.In Indonesia, a new advocacy center called Pergerakan isproviding resources so that people historically excluded fromcivic participation can contribute to policy debates in theirlocal communities and at the national level. In the UnitedStates, we support statewide social justice coalitions that trainpeople to organize and to engage in policy advocacy. We striveto link the work of research and policy organizations with thework of groups seeking to mobilize ordinary citizens, includingUSAction, Jobs With Justice, and the National InterfaithCommittee for Worker Justice. Other grantees are working topromote civic engagement in global governance, lighten thedebt burden shouldered by developing countries, and restrictthe sale of small arms.12Peace and Social Justice
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Another line of grants seeks to create a legal, regulatory, andfiscal environment that can sustain these groups and move-ments. In India, we have supported legal reforms to encouragelocal philanthropy and helped establish three funds servingthe country’s most marginalized populations: women, Dalits,and Adivasis. Likewise, we are working to mobilize resourcesfor philanthropy in Indonesia, Kenya, and Mexico, because localfunding can help root nongovernmental organizations in theirown societies, giving them greater legitimacy and stayingpower. In Brazil, Colombia, and Russia, we promote programsthat encourage individual and corporate giving.We also make grants to promote and protect democratic“public spheres”—at both the national and the global level—that encourage debate on key policy issues and enable citizenoversight of public and private power. In the United States,the Center for Public Integrity and OMBWatch are bringingto light conflicts of interest and promoting accountabilityin the public sector. In Bangalore, India, the Public AffairsCenter has been conducting an independent survey of publicservices to strengthen civil society demands for improvedaccountability and performance. We also support new mediaventures like opendemocracy.net, a Web site that reflectsvaried perspectives on globalization, culture, migration, andother pressing social issues.13Civil SocietyPhoto: Students hold a candlelight vigil in Moscow’s Red Square in July 2001as part of a grass-roots campaign against importing nuclear waste into theRussian Federation.
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Human RightsDuring the long years of apartheid, activists in South Africaand abroad waged campaigns to end the use of torture,free political dissidents, and lift restrictions that kept blackand “colored” people from participating as full members oftheir society. By 1994 this epic struggle to secure basic rightsfor all citizens brought down the apartheid government—a profound achievement that parallels the resurgence ofdemocracy in Latin America and the fall of authoritarianregimes in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union.Today South Africans can take pride in having a freely electedgovernment guided by the world’s most progressive constitu-tion. This remarkable document not only affirms such libertiesas freedom of expression and freedom of association, butalso recognizes economic and social rights, including the rightsto health, education, food, and housing. One of the mostsignificant challenges South Africans will face in the yearsahead is to marshal the resources needed to realize this visionof a more just society.While the transformative power of human rights fueled thepolitical changes in South Africa, South Africa, in turn, hashelped to revolutionize the global human rights movement.Long focused on securing civil and political rights, a growingnumber of human rights organizations around the worldnow promote economic, social, and cultural rights as well.This shift is not a rejection of more conventional work inthe human rights field, but rather an effort to deepen it bytackling systemic issues—like barriers to obtaining food,education, and health care—to make the exercise of otherrights possible.The ultimate goal of human rights advocacy is to achievepeace and social justice by fulfilling the rights that accrue toall people by virtue of their humanity. We believe that govern-ment and civil society share a responsibility to secure the fullrange of human rights. In some contexts, the challenge at15
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hand is to establish policies that recognize and protect theserights. In other cases, where such safeguards are already inplace, the foremost task is ensuring their full implementation.We support advocacy, research, and educational efforts thatprotect the rights of all people, particularly the most vulner-able members of society. More often than not, it is women,migrants and refugees, and racial and ethnic minorities whoface the greatest difficulties in exercising their human rights.In some contexts, though, children, prisoners, conscripts, andsexual minorities also endure prejudice and intolerance.In recent years, the world has experienced an extraordinaryrange of political, economic, and social change. As jobs andcapital move more freely around the globe, families are beinguprooted and cultures irrevocably altered. At the same time,many societies are still grappling with problems of racism andxenophobia. Many people face discrimination in access toeducation, jobs, housing, and other opportunities.All over the world, political leaders are wrestling with thescourge of terrorism. As they grapple with this reprehensiblethreat, they must balance the need to protect people fromviolence with the need to defend the civil liberties that are thebedrock of open, democratic societies. Indeed, some measuresmeant to combat terrorism can have undesirable consequencesif they chill public dissent and make it more difficult for peopleto voice opinions in opposition to the government. Such policiescan weigh heavily on immigrants, particularly noncitizens,who are often denied the fundamental protections afforded tocitizens. And they divert resources and attention away fromdomestic issues of poverty, inequality, and neglect. All toooften, they provide a justification for governments to violatehuman rights.Most of our grantees work at the national, regional, andinternational level. We fund local work when it has a decisivenational impact, or is part of a network of activities thatadvance state, regional, or national dialogue.Our overarching goals are to promote equal access to justiceand protect the full range of human rights for all membersof society.16Peace and Social Justice
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Through our grant making, we encourage human rights advo-cates and public officials to recognize and promote economic,social, and cultural rights as well as civil and political rights.For example, the International Network on Economic, Social,and Cultural Rights is taking steps to raise awareness of theserights and integrate them into the work of U.N. agencies, inter-national financial institutions, regional bodies, and nationalgovernments.Another line of grants supports efforts to implement humanrights in concrete ways that improve people’s lives. In SouthAfrica, for instance, the Legal Resources Center and the AIDSLaw Project have successfully litigated a landmark case beforethe Constitutional Court.The court held that the constitutionalright to health obligates the government to provide antiretro-viral drugs to pregnant women living with H.I.V., a measureaimed at preventing transmission of the virus to their new-borns. We also support efforts to strengthen the InternationalCriminal Court, which makes it possible to prosecute indivi-duals accused of the most serious violations of internationalhumanitarian and human rights law—namely war crimes,crimes against humanity, and genocide.Finally, we support efforts to secure and fulfill the humanrights of particularly vulnerable individuals and groups. Inthe United States, for example, the Arab Community Center forEconomic and Social Services is helping 10 grass-roots organi-zations improve their services and advocacy for Arab-Americancommunities where residents may face being stopped, ques-tioned, detained, or harassed in connection with new securityefforts. Grantees in Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, and othercountries are working to curb gender violence—both in thehome and in the larger society—by changing laws, attitudes,and behavior. The University of Michigan, the NAACP LegalDefense and Educational Fund, the Mexican American LegalDefense and Educational Fund, and other grantees helped wina landmark case before the U.S. Supreme Court, which upheldaffirmative action to promote diversity and academic excellence.17Human RightsPhoto: Students at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology express supportfor affirmative action in higher education at a rally in March 2003.
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Sexuality and Reproductive HealthResearchers have repeatedly shown that when women havethe ability to choose the number and spacing of their children,birth rates decline. More importantly, these women tendto be healthier and to exercise greater control over their owndestinies. As recognition of this phenomenon has grown,policy makers have increasingly shifted their focus from thenumber of people on earth to the quality of their lives.In a profound shift, 179 countries endorsed this new frame-work for safeguarding the reproductive health of individualsat the 1994 International Conference on Population andDevelopment in Cairo. Delegates agreed to mobilize at least$17 billion a year for family planning, reproductive healthcare, H.I.V./AIDS prevention, and related activities.Yet many industrialized countries have not been honoringtheir pledges. Moreover, some cultures and governmentshave been slow to reflect the Cairo consensus in their implicitassumptions about sexuality. As a result, many people aroundthe globe still find their sexual and reproductive health injeopardy. Some 350 million couples still lack access to safe,modern contraceptives. Maternal mortality remains high, andsexually transmitted diseases like H.I.V./AIDS continue tospread. Coercive practices like forced sterilization persist insome quarters, and restrictions on reproductive freedom andhealthy sexuality remain common.Better health care is part of the solution. But remedying suchdeeply rooted social problems also calls for research, advocacy,and services—including legal aid, counseling, and education.Such measures can address sexuality, women’s health, andwomen’s empowerment comprehensively and fit within abroader framework of gender equity and human rights.19
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The foundation’s work on sexuality and reproductive healthcuts across all three of its major programs (Peace and SocialJustice; Knowledge, Creativity, and Freedom; and Asset Buildingand Community Development). Within the Peace and SocialJustice program, our particular objective in this field is toempower communities and individuals to understand andassert their fundamental right to sexual and reproductivehealth.More specifically, we support efforts to implement the princi-ples of sexuality and reproductive health endorsed in Cairoand again at the Fourth World Conference on Women, heldin 1995 in Beijing. In Egypt, for example, grantees are workingto curb H.I.V./AIDS and female genital cutting. The InternationalCouncil of AIDS Service Organizations, a global networkof nongovernmental and community-based organizations,is working to expand access to H.I.V./AIDS preventionand treatment.We also make grants to develop social conditions that promoteand safeguard sexual and reproductive health. For instance,the Community Life Project is taking steps to ensure thatNigerian women who want to give birth experience healthypregnancies and deliveries. In the United States granteesare working to foster sexual and reproductive choice free ofillness, coercion, and violence. Meanwhile, grantees in severalcountries, including Brazil and China, are promoting equitable,nonviolent gender relations. Other advocacy groups promotehealthy sexuality for women and men, as well as greaterunderstanding of how different family compositions benefitfamilies and society.A third line of grants seeks to promote dialogue on culturaland social values—as well as ethical and legal frameworks—that support women’s empowerment and gender equity.We are particularly interested in advancing these aims withincommunities that are disproportionately vulnerable to poorsexual and reproductive health. This work seeks to buildknowledge, develop policy, and deepen public understandingof sexuality and its relationship to human fulfillment, culture,20Peace and Social Justice
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religion, and identity. For example, we support efforts to erasethe stigma and discrimination associated with H.I.V./AIDS.Recent grants in Vietnam are supporting workshops forjournalists, business leaders, and health officials, who are allin a position to shape public perceptions about the disease.In the United States, the National Association of People Livingwith H.I.V./AIDS is working to overcome the divisive forcesof racism, sexism, and homophobia, which often hampercommunities combating the epidemic.21Sexuality and Reproductive HealthPhoto: Marchers outside South Africa’s High Court on December 14, 2001,when it ruled that the government must help pregnant women with HIVprotect their newborns from AIDS.
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About the CoverFront Cover: A floor painting in Maharashtra, India, greets participants at ameeting on ways to safeguard the health and human rights of women whowork as prostitutes.Inside: More than 100,000 participants from around the globe discussedprograms and policies aimed at creating a more just and equitable world atthe 2003 World Social Forum in Porto Alegre, Brazil.CreditsPhotographyCover: Jeremy Horner/Panos PicturesInside Cover: Carvalho/ImaginattaBookletp. 2, Howard Davies/Panos Picturesp. 6, Jorge Silva/Reuters Photo Archive/NEWSCOMp. 10, TASS/Sovfotop. 14, Doug McFadd/Getty Imagesp. 18, Mike Hutchings/Reuters/LandovEditorialChristopher ReardonDesignDesign per se, New York
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Peace and Social Justice ProgramOffice of the Vice-PresidentBradford Smith, Vice-PresidentNatalia Kanem, Deputy to the Vice-PresidentLaurice Sarraf, Senior Grants AdministratorGovernance and Civil SocietyMichael Edwards,DirectorGovernance and Civil SocietyUrvashi Vaid,Deputy DirectorU.S. Civil SocietyProgram Officers/PortfoliosJacqueline Berrien,Participation and Represen-tation in American PoliticsLisa Jordan,Global Civil SocietyChristopher Harris,Philanthropy and SocialJusticeChristine Wing,InternationalSecurity Policy and PeaceManuel Montes,InternationalEconomic PolicyMariano Aguirre,Peace andConflictHuman RightsAlan Jenkins,DirectorHuman RightsTaryn Higashi,Deputy DirectorMigrant and Refugee RightsProgram Officers/PortfoliosLarry Cox*,InternationalHuman RightsSara Ríos,Racial Justice andMinority RightsBarbara Y. Phillips,Women’sRights and Gender EquityDavid Winters,H.I.V./AIDSJael Silliman,ReproductiveRightsPeace and Social Justice Staff*Senior Program Officer
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Peace and Social Justice ProgramGovernance and Civil SocietyOmotade Aina,Nairobi, KenyaHans Antlöv,Jakarta,IndonesiaCharles Bailey,Hanoi,VietnamSarah Cook,Beijing, ChinaCristina Eguizábal,MexicoCity, MexicoGary Hawes,Johannesburg,South AfricaBassma Kodmani,Cairo, EgyptBishnu Mohapatra,New Delhi,IndiaSushma Raman,New Delhi,IndiaSuzanne Siskel,Jakarta,IndonesiaAna Toni,Rio de Janeiro, BrazilAugusto Varas,Santiago, ChileAndrew Watson,Beijing, ChinaHuman RightsMartín Abregú,Santiago, ChileBabatunde Ahonsi,Lagos,NigeriaAlice L. Brown,Johannesburg,South AfricaDenise Dora,Rio de Janeiro,BrazilMaha Adel El-Adawy,Cairo,EgyptJoseph Gitari,Lagos, NigeriaRoshmi Goswami,New Delhi,IndiaEve Lee,Beijing, ChinaTiti Liu,Beijing, ChinaLisa Messersmith,Hanoi,VietnamWilly Mutunga,Nairobi, KenyaBorislav Petranov,Moscow,RussiaEmma Playfair,Cairo, Egypt(effective April 2004)Overseas Staff
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Grants and Program-Related Investmentsto OrganizationsBefore a request is made for a grant or program-related investment,a brief letter of inquiry is advisable to determine whether thefoundation’s present interests and funds permit consideration ofthe request.The letter should include:► The purpose of the project for which funds are being requested► Problems and issues the proposed project will address► Information about the organization conducting the project► Estimated overall budget for the project► Period of time for which funds are requested► Qualifications of those who will be engaged in the projectAfter receiving the letter, foundation staff members may askthe grant seeker to submit a formal proposal. There is no grantapplication form. The proposal should include:► The organization’s current budget► A description of the proposed work and how it will be conducted► The names and curricula vitae of those engaged in the project► A detailed project budget► Present means of support and status of applications to otherfunding sources► Legal and tax statusIn some instances, the foundation requires the grantee organizationto match the foundation’s grant with funds from other sources.The foundation supports pluralism and equal opportunity in itsgrant making and in its internal policies. The opportunities thatprospective grantee organizations provide for minorities andwomen are considered in evaluating proposals.Applications are considered throughout the year. Normally,applicants may expect to receive within six weeks an indicationof whether their proposals are within the foundation’s programinterests and budget limitations. Activities supported by grantsand program-related investments must be charitable, educational,or scientific, as defined under the appropriate provisions of theGuidelines for GrantSeekers
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U.S. Internal Revenue Code and Treasury Regulations. The foun-dation monitors grants through regular financial and narrativereports submitted by the grantee.The foundation’s funds are limited in relation to the great numberof worthwhile proposals received. For example, in 2002 thefoundation received about 40,000 grant requests and made 2,510grants. The foundation directs its support to activities that arewithin its current interests and are likely to have wide effect.More information is available at www.fordfound.org.Requests in the United States should be sent to:SecretaryThe Ford Foundation320 East 43rd StreetNew York, N.Y. 10017or e-mailed to: Office-Secretary@fordfound.orgRequests from outside the United States should be directed tothe nearest foundation office (see insert for locations).Grants to IndividualsMost of the foundation’s grant funds are given to organizations.Although it also makes grants to individuals, they are few innumber relative to demand and are limited to research, training,and other activities related to its program interests.The foundation does not award undergraduate scholarships ormake grants for purely personal needs. Support for graduatefellowships is generally provided through grants to universitiesand other organizations, which are responsible for the selectionof recipients. Most foundation grants to individuals are awardedeither through publicly announced competitions or on the basisof nominations from universities and other nonprofit institutions.In all cases, recipients are selected on the merits of their proposalsand on their potential contribution to advancing the foundation’sprogram objectives.Guidelines for GrantSeekers
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LAGOSNEWYORK{MEXICO CITY•SANTIAGO•RIO DE JANEIRO••••MOSCOW•BEIJING•NEW DELHI•HANOI•JAKARTA•NAIROBI•CAIROJOHANNESBURGFord Foundation Offices
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United StatesHeadquarters320 East 43rd StreetNew York, New York 10017Africa and Middle EastEastern AfricaP.O. Box 41081Nairobi, Republic of KenyaMiddle East and North AfricaP.O. Box 2344Cairo, Arab Republic of EgyptSouthern AfricaP.O. Box 30953Braamfontein 2017Johannesburg, South AfricaWest AfricaP.O. Box 2368Lagos, NigeriaAsiaChinaInternational Club OfficeBuilding – Room 501Jianguomenwai Dajie No. 21Beijing, China 100020India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka55 Lodi EstateNew Delhi 110 003IndiaIndonesiaP.O. Box 2030Jakarta 10020, IndonesiaVietnam and ThailandSuites 1502-1504, 15th FloorVietcombank Tower198 Tran Quang Khai StreetHoan Kiem DistrictHanoi,VietnamLatin America and CaribbeanBrazilPraia do Flamengo 154,8° andar22207-900 Rio de Janeiro, R.J.BrazilMexico and Central AmericaApartado 105-7111560 Mexico, D.F., MexicoAndean Region and SouthernConeMariano SánchezFontecilla 310, Piso 14Las CondesSantiago, ChileRussiaTverskaya Ulitsa 16/2, 5th floor103009 Moscow, RussiaFord Foundation Offices
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Civil Society 20%Unallocated 1%Human Rights 33%Reproductive Health18%Governance 28%Fields:Human RightsEqual access to justice and the protection of the full range ofhuman rights for all members of society.Sexuality and Reproductive HealthTo empower communities and individuals to understand,articulate, and address their fundamental rights to sexual andreproductive health.GovernanceInstitutions and practices of governance that are transparent,accountable, responsive, and effective in promoting peace andsocial justice at all levels of the world system.Civil SocietyCivil societies that are effective vehicles for peace, social justice,and democratic renewal within, between, and across the countriesin which we work.Fiscal Year 2004-2005 PSJ Projected Grant Allocationsby Fields Worldwide (in millions of dollars)$244.342Projected GrantAllocations$68.661$49.116$80.505$43.560$2.500Sexuality and
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Milestones in GovernancePromoting Women in Local GovernmentUntil recently, seats in the local women’s associations inQianxi County, Hebei Province, were filled the same way theyare elsewhere in China: by appointment. But in July 2003,this agricultural zone east of Beijing tried a new approach, as100,000 women went to the polls to choose their own repre-sentatives. Although the associations have limited power,candidates seized the opportunity to address local concerns.Some ran for office again a month later, winning seats on influ-ential village committees. This experiment in direct democracybegan with the Qianxi Women’s Federation, which seeks toexpand women’s role in local government through votereducation and leadership training. Since coordinating the firstelections for 20 women’s associations in 1999, it has trainedthousands of candidates, public officials, and electoral staff.Now that 405 of the county’s 417 villages hold direct elections,the federation is working to introduce them elsewhere inChina through publicity and networking.www.chinadaily.com.cn/en/doc/2003-08/19/content_256101.htmElectoral workers count votes in Qianxi County, part of China’s Hebei Province, in July 2003.
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Watching the Public PurseBudgets are arguably the most important policy documentsgovernments ever produce, as the choices they embodycan have profound effects on the quality of people’s lives.But because they are inherently complex—and sometimesshrouded in secrecy—government budgets often mystify thegeneral public. Nevertheless, people around the globe areincreasingly intent on finding out how their governmentscollect and spend money. Since 1997 analysts affiliated withthe International Budget Project have worked to informpolicy debates through applied research that shows how taxand budget policies affect the poor. Each year in Kenya, forexample, civil society groups outline shared priorities in areport that the government now consults when drafting thenational budget. The project, based at the Center on Budgetand Policy Priorities in Washington, D.C., works in nearly40 countries worldwide. Its goal is to make budget systemsmore responsive to the needs of society, as well as moretransparent and accountable to the public.www.internationalbudget.orgRestoring Confidence in GovernmentIn 1986, with trust in government eroding in the United States,the foundation launched an awards program to recognizecreative and effective innovations within the public sector. Theprogram, now administered by the Ash Institute for DemocraticGovernance and Innovation at Harvard University, has sincerecognized nearly 1,500 winners and finalists in areas rangingfrom policing to health care. Among them are Project QUEST,which trains low-income workers for solid jobs in San Antonio,Texas, and La Bodega de Familia, which is curbing substanceabuse and recidivism among parolees through a partnershipwith the New York State Division of Parole. Similar awardsprograms now showcase pioneering approaches to publicadministration by American Indian nations as well as in Brazil,Chile, China, Mexico, the Philippines, East Africa, and SouthAfrica. Collectively, these programs offer concrete evidencethat government plays a central role in improving thequality of life.www.innovations.harvard.edu/content.cfm?activesection=2Milestones in GovernancePhoto opposite:Guo Meng/Imaginechina
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Milestones in Civil SocietyStrengthening Community AdvocacyAs political authority in the United States shifts away fromWashington, D. C., state legislators play a larger role in devel-oping social policy. Some community activists see this changeas an opportunity to ensure more inclusive laws and moreequitable policies. Often, though, community groups lack theexpertise to negotiate effectively with policy makers. To fillthis need, the foundation’s Collaborations that Count initia-tive brings together community-based organizations andpolicy groups with an eye to sharing insights and resources.Since 1998 it has supported hundreds of organizationsthrough 11 statewide partnerships in the Northwest, South,and Southwest. One of them, the North Carolina Alliance forEconomic Justice, spared social programs from deep statebudget cuts by finding creative uses of highway and tobacco-settlement funds. The Alabama Organizing Project spurredlawmakers in Montgomery to create a statewide health insur-ance program for children—the nation’s first—covering48,000 previously uninsured children.www.fordfound.org/publications/recent_articles/collab.cfmIn Alabama 48,000 uninsured children have health insurance under a new statewide plan.
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Building Global MovementsIn January 2003, more than 100,000 social activists, scholars,environmentalists, and workers from around the world gatheredin Porto Alegre, Brazil, for the third annual World Social Forum.The weeklong event gave citizens of 130 countries a chanceto debate issues related to social justice, the global economy,peace, and security. Although the agenda addressed positivealternatives to rapidly developing patterns of world economicsand politics, the event’s organizers saw individual networkingas the foremost goal. “The World Social Forum is one of thefew spaces where different groups can intersect—campesinoswith trade union leaders with human rights advocates witheconomists,” says Lisa Jordan, a program officer at the founda-tion’s headquarters in New York. The Brazilian Associationof Nongovernmental Organizations, a coalition of 270 civilsociety groups, began coordinating the forum in 2001. Otherdeveloping countries now take turns hosting the annualgathering, starting with India in 2004.www.abong.org.brPromoting Social Justice Through Local GivingMore than 400 million people in South Asia live in poverty,lacking not only food security, health care, safe drinking water,and education, but also opportunities to improve their well-being through social, economic, and political participation.In 2002 the foundation helped establish two funds aimed ateasing these structural barriers. One, the Dalit Foundation,offers grants and fellowships designed to improve the socialand economic standing of Dalits—the 240 million so-calleduntouchables who rank at the bottom of India’s caste system.Similarly, the South Asian Women’s Fund supports efforts tocurb poverty, advance gender equity, and promote women’svoices in public policy making within the region. These funds,now managed by the Tides Foundation in San Francisco, aregoverned by scholars, activists, and business leaders in SouthAsia. They are part of a larger effort to nurture local philan-thropy around the world, so that communities can play agreater role in identifying needs and allocating resources.www.tidesfoundation.orgMilestones in Civil SocietyPhoto opposite:Bob Daemmrich/The Image Works
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Making Peace with a Violent PastAfter periods of violence or repression, societies often struggleto reconcile the painful legacy of human rights abuse. TheInternational Center for Transitional Justice was establishedin 2001 to help such societies come to terms with crimes ofthe past. Building on the lessons learned from successful truthcommissions in countries like South Africa and Guatemala,the center advances the efforts of nongovernmental organiza-tions and governments to promote accountability after longperiods of civil war or authoritarian rule. It presents waysto document abuses, prosecute perpetrators, reform abusiveinstitutions, provide reparations to victims of violence, andpromote reconciliation. The center works in 17 countriesaround the globe, including Peru, where it helped the Truthand Reconciliation Commission investigate and documentmore than 69,000 deaths at the hands of Shining Pathguerrillas, the Peruvian military, and other factions in thenation’s civil war.www.ictj.orgMilestones in Human RightsA Peruvian widow seeks answers from the country’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission.
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Safeguarding Economic, Social, and Cultural RightsThe words human rights often evoke images of dissidentsjailed or tortured for their political views. But the rights thataccrue to people by virtue of their humanity go beyond civiland political liberties. The Universal Declaration of HumanRights, adopted in 1948 by the United Nations, also affirmseconomic, social, and cultural rights. Governments have longneglected these tenets, but as economic inequality growsand living conditions within many vulnerable groups deterio-rate, there is a mounting commitment to safeguard the fullrange of human rights. In 2000 a global alliance of scholars,lawyers, and activists began urging governments and interna-tional financial institutions to honor these rights. Known asthe International Network on Economic, Social, and CulturalRights, it promotes multidisciplinary research that shows howdecisions on education, housing, and health can leave entirecommunities on the margins of survival. Through advocacy,its members explain that these are not just flawed policies,but also human rights violations that must be challengedand changed.www.escr-net.orgProviding Legal Assistance to Victims of TerrorSoon after the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, theLegal Aid Society in New York saw a sharply increased demandfor its services—mostly from low-income people directly orindirectly affected by the World Trade Center disaster. The soci-ety responded with a streamlined model for delivering legalassistance on issues ranging from housing and health insur-ance to unemployment benefits, small-business recovery, andsurvivor benefits. To make these services more accessible, itstationed staff members at community-based organizations,social service agencies, and union offices. Moreover, it openeda toll-free disaster hotline that let people receive immediateassistance or directed them to appropriate staff members,either in its neighborhood-based offices or in its specializedcitywide programs. The foundation’s $1 million grant to thesociety was part of an $11.2 million contribution to reliefefforts in New York and Washington, D.C.www.legal-aid.orgMilestones in Human RightsPhoto opposite:Alejandra Brun/AFP/Getty Images
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Milestones in Sexuality and Reproductive HealthPromoting Health Through Human RightsIn 1990 the world’s governments set out to reduce maternalmortality by half within a decade. By 1995, as money was setaside to monitor pregnancies and provide skilled attendants atbirths, the number of pregnancy-related deaths each year hadfallen from 585,000 to 515,000 —an improvement, but still farshort of the goal. The World Health Organization concludedthat better health care was not enough; it was also necessaryto address underlying conditions like child marriage, whichleads to early childbirth and poor reproductive health. TheInternational Program on Reproductive and Sexual Health Lawis advancing this effort by applying human rights principles—including the rights to health and education—in ways thatenhance clinical care for women and remedy social conditionsthat imperil their health. The program, based at the Universityof Toronto, has developed a series of case studies to trainhealth workers and rights activists in the global South.www.library.utoronto.ca/rir/edge/spring2001/leaders/rebeccaCook.htmFamily-planning workers collect information about slum dwellers in Calcutta, India.
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Milestones in Sexuality and Reproductive HealthInforming the Public Discourse on AIDSIn Nigeria, Africa’s most populous nation, more than 4 millionpeople are living with H.I.V./AIDS. But that number continuesto grow, as silence and stigma allow the epidemic to spread.In 1997 several reporters and editors founded JournalistsAgainst AIDS, an advocacy group that seeks to clear up misper-ceptions about the virus and advance public dialogue aboutsexual health and rights. Through its monthly bulletin andresource center, it keeps thousands of reporters, editors, andmedia managers informed about H.I.V./AIDS and reproductivehealth issues. Meanwhile, its online forum lets journalists,policy makers, development activists, donor agencies, andpeople living with H.I.V./AIDS exchange ideas and circulatetimely information. Journalists Against AIDS also promotesface-to-face dialogue. For example, it brings in people withH.I.V. to speak with journalism students, and it convenesmonthly roundtables where journalists, activists, and govern-ment officials discuss ways to end the African AIDS crisis.www.nigeria-aids.orgFostering Dialogue on Sexuality and HealthAs a clinical psychologist in New Delhi, Radhika Chandiramanicould see that local women had many questions about repro-duction and sexuality, and few places to turn for help. And so,in 1996, she started a confidential telephone help line wherethey could find answers, advice, and referrals. The help line—called TARSHI, short for Talking About Reproductive andSexual Health Issues—has handled more than 50,000 calls.(To Chandiramani’s surprise, many come from men.) Counselorsdocument each call, generating insights and data that theyshare with policy makers, AIDS educators, and providers ofreproductive health services. In addition to the help line,TARSHI publishes fact sheets and booklets for young people;written in Hindi and English, they address adolescent concernsabout sexuality, safe sex, and sexual violence. With the intro-duction of public lectures and a visiting scholars program, it isemerging as one of South Asia’s leading resource centers onissues related to sexuality and reproductive health.www.tarshi.orgPhoto opposite:Peter Barker/Panos

Communication for Social ChangeWorking Paper Series

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By Christopher ReardonThe Communication for Social Change Working Paper Series: No. 2The Communication for Social Change Consortium is a network of practitioners,researchers and scholars dedicated to building local communication capacityin marginalized communities. With such capacity the people living in marginalizedcommunities can own, create and manage communication processes in orderto sustain democratic values and improve their own lives.Talking Cure:A Case Study in Communicationfor Social ChangeCommunicationfor Social ChangeWorking Paper Series
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Copyright © 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation and theCommunication for Social Change Consortium.All rights reserved.Published in 2003 by The Rockefeller Foundation,420 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10018-2702Managing editor: Brian I. ByrdReport designer: Langton Cherubino Group, Ltd.Talking Cure:A Case Study in Communication for Social Changep.cm.Includes bibliographical references.ISBN: 0-89184-066-41. Social change – case study – Decatur – outcomes2. Communication – case study – Decatur – outcomes
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Christopher Reardon writes for The New York Times, The Washington Post,Ford Foundation Report and other national publications.The Communication for Social Change Working Paper Series: No. 2The Communication for Social Change Consortium is a network of practitioners,researchers and scholars dedicated to building local communication capacity inmarginalized communities. With such capacity the people living in marginalizedcommunities can own, create and manage communication processes in orderto sustain democratic values and improve their own lives.Communicationfor Social ChangeWorking Paper SeriesTalking Cure:A Case Study in Communicationfor Social ChangeA Troubled City Puts its Trust inCivic Dialogue and Community-Based Decision MakingBy Christopher Reardon
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Conflict/DissatisfactionDisagreementAllocationsofResponsibilitiesMobilizationofCommunityOrganizationsEnvironmentalConstraintsValue for ContinualImprovement andSense of EfficacyrmsSocial NormsCommunity CapacityVision ofFutureAssessmentof CurrentStatusExpression ofIndividual &SharedInterestsClarificationof PerceptionsStakeholdersIdentification &InvolvementProblemRecognitionSettingObjectivesOptionsfor ActionConsensuson ActionActionPlanMediaOther(s)ReligiousIdeationIntentionBehaviorHealthEducationPARTICIPATORYEVALUATIONCompareOutcomes toObjectivesOutcomesImplementationof ActivitiesCoalition forDevelopmentKnowledge& SkillsEnvironmentalConstraintsNewCommunityTask ForcesExistingCommunityGroups2CommunityDialogue3CollectiveAction4IndividualChange5SocietalImpact1CatalystMassMediaCrisis orInnovationChangeAgentInternalStimulusTechnologyPolicies
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PREFACECommunication for social change is an evolving methodology thatallows communities to articulate their values, reconcile disparateinterests and act upon shared concerns. Because it engages peoplein dialogue about difficult issues, it can be slow and unpredictable.It can also be difficult to evaluate.This case study makes no effortto analyze the field as a whole. Rather, it offers a narrativeaccount of how stakeholders in one community – Decatur, Ill. –have tried to use the communication for social change methods tospark public and private dialogue, set an agenda, frame publicdebates and create an environment that is conducive to change.INTRODUCTIONMattie Towles has lived in Decatur, Ill., long enough tosee its fortunes rise and fall — and then fall some more.“It was a working town when we came here fromTennessee in 1968,”says Towles, whose husband leads thecongregation at the North Jasper Street Church of Christ.“If you wanted a job, you could get one.With a high-school diploma, you could find work at one of the plants,buy a small house, raise a family. It’s not like that now.”Many industrial cities in the United States have fallenon hard times in recent decades, but the downturn inDecatur — a blue-collar community of 82,000 peoplesurrounded by some of the world’s most fertile farmland— looks almost apocalyptic by comparison. Since 1994its residents have endured three crippling labor strikes,two calamitous tornadoes, a price-fixing scandal, a divisiveracial incident and a tragic tire debacle. Nevertheless, somediehards and visionaries are working on solutions to over-come such setbacks by using a communication methodknown as communication for social change.The case study athand tells the story of how Decatur residents have appliedthis process to their local needs.“I think what we’re doing is the basis for good, sustainablechange,”says Linda Kehart, a local activist who has cham-pioned these efforts.“We’ve tried other approaches, butthis one seems to work best in our community.”Economists say Decatur’s troubles began in the 1970s,when the national energy crisis dealt a weakeningblow to the factories that turned out bulldozers, tires andcorn syrup.Then, as employers tried to compete withcheap overseas labor in the 1990s, protracted strikes atCaterpillar, Bridgestone/Firestone and A.E. Staley, a grainprocessor, ended in wrenching union defeats.A few months later, back-to-back tornadoes ravagedmore than 200 homes in Decatur, injuring 36 peopleand causing $10 million in property damage. Next camea price-fixing scandal at Archer Daniels Midland (ADM),the city’s largest employer; in 1999 a federal judge finedthe grain-processing company $100 million and sent threetop executives to prison. Once known as “the pride of theprairie,”Decatur lost more of its dignity the followingsummer when investigators traced hundreds of fatal acci-dents to faulty Bridgestone/Firestone tires installed onFord Explorers. Many of the tires were made in Decaturaround the time of the labor dispute, when replacementworkers with relatively little training manned the line.Bridgestone/Firestone closed the plant 16 months later,eliminating nearly 2,000 jobs.Talking Cure: A Case Study in Communication for Social Change1
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As the work force grew increasingly dispirited, the city’ssocial fabric began to fray.The most visible rift came inreaction to a fistfight that broke out in the stands during ahigh-school football game in September 1999. Citing its“zero tolerance”policy, the school expelled seven African-American students involved in the incident. Many localresidents felt the punishment was excessive, given that thestudents, who became known as the Decatur Seven, hadno other source of education. Jesse Jackson came to townto intervene, arguing that the school board’s actionamounted to “an educational death sentence,”but as anoutsider he only polarized the city further. By the time200 members of the Ku Klux Klan arrived from Indianato stage a counter demonstration, Decatur sat squarely, ifuneasily, in the national spotlight.A year later,The New Yorker published a five-page essaychronicling the city’s “accumulation of calamities andembarrassments.”The piece, by staff writer Mark Singer,ended with a long, existential lament about the futility ofcivic life in the age of globalization:“Pay close attention, and soon enough it dawnson you that you’re only a marginal player in amuch broader narrative driven by people whoseagendas don’t really make allowances for thedetails of individual lives. One day, things quietdown enough for you to look in the mirrorand to hear yourself think.And that’s when yourealize what a quintessential Decatur situationyou’ve wound up in. Regardless of what ailsyou or how it all got started — and despiteyour suspicion that it’s not going to turn outvery well — basically, you’re on your own.”1If many local residents felt that way, they had good reason.Organized labor had failed. Executives in London andTokyo were calling the shots, without the sense of civicduty that once guided the merchant class. Not evenMother Nature was on the city’s side.And so the peopleof Decatur began to resemble protagonists in a classicalGreek tragedy.Their demise was inevitable; all thatremained was to watch it play out.Nevertheless, some civic leaders wondered if it might bepossible to rewrite the narrative, to bend its arc toward amore agreeable outcome.Among them was Linda Kehart,director of the Decatur Community Partnership untilMarch 2003. Since its inception in 1991, the partnershiphad worked to coordinate the activities of health- andsocial-service agencies so they could respond more effec-tively and efficiently to their clients’needs.Shortly after the Decatur Seven made national headlines,Kehart and her colleagues learned about communicationfor social change, an emerging model using public dia-logue and collaborative problem solving. In some ways itmirrored their continuing efforts to improve communityhealth.Yet it spelled out some additional steps that mighthelp the partnership bring its work to fruition.The growing body of literature about communicationfor social change speaks of a sophisticated conceptualframework, but the basic aim remains quite simple. It isdefined as “a process of public and private dialoguethrough which people define who they are, what theywant and how they can get it.”2 This case study seeks tochronicle the efforts Decatur residents have made toembrace this process and adapt it to local needs.AN EMERGING DIALOGUECommunication for social change is not altogethernew. In fact, it draws on several decades of theory andpractice, in such varied fields as public relations, socialmarketing, development communication and communityorganizing. It gained additional visibility in 1997, whenthe Rockefeller Foundation launched a series of interna-tional meetings and publications to explore ways thatcommunication could play a more integral role indevelopment.The premise was that when communitiesarticulate their own agendas, they are more likely toachieve positive changes in attitudes, behaviors and accessto opportunities.What’s more, because they are highlyinvested in the process, they are more apt to sustainthese gains.Rockefeller began putting these principles to the test afew years ago in Zimbabwe, where it supports ruralyouth groups seeking to halt the spread of AIDS.Thework in Decatur marks their first explicit application inthe United States.Why Decatur? “It was a very practicaldecision,”says Brian Byrd, the foundation’s assistant direc-tor for communication.“We were looking for a way todo a field test without going through a lot of hoops.We had informal conversations with counterparts at theW.K. Kellogg Foundation, which was already funding theDecatur Community Partnership, and that sparked thewhole thing.We saw an opportunity, and opportunitiesoften have a very narrow window.”2Talking Cure: A Case Study in Communication for Social Change1 The New Yorker, October 30, 2000, pp. 58-62.2 Communication for Social Change: A Position Paper andConference Report (1999, The Rockefeller Foundation), p. 15.
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In April 2000, Byrd went to Decatur with a one-pagediagram in hand (see figure 1).While meeting withKehart and other civic leaders, he outlined the five mainphases of the process: typically some crisis or innovationprompts community dialogue, which leads to collectiveaction, which spurs individuals to change their attitudesand behavior, which contributes over time to a widersocietal impact. Of course, efforts to solve problemscollectively rarely work out so neatly, even when theyprove successful.That’s because communication for socialchange is an iterative model, not a linear one; its powerlies in the fact that the outcome of any given phase feedsback into the process.Some of it sounded familiar.The partnership had recentlyconducted a community health assessment in connectionwith Turning Point, a national initiative aimed at strength-ening the public-health system through better collabora-tion among agencies and closer ties with the community.3Starting in 1998, it held 40 focus group meetings where2,000 community residents shared their views on quality-of-life issues and the health-care system.The assessmentrevealed five priority issues: substance abuse, race, commu-nity development, environment and health.The partner-ship then formed discussion groups on each issue, drawinginput from dozens of local agencies.These conversations,in turn, led to some collective actions, including a cam-paign to ban residents from burning leaves, which manysaw as a threat to the city’s air quality.Following the uproar over the Decatur Seven, there wasa sense that the partnership could do more to promotecivic dialogue and find meaningful ways to improve thequality of life among the city’s youth. It was around thattime that foundation communication staff had conversa-tions with program officers at the Kellogg Foundation,which had been funding Decatur’s role in Turning Point.They agreed that the city might find Rockefeller’s modelhelpful, and Kellogg made an additional $75,000 grant sothe partnership could try its hand at communication forsocial change over the next three years.4“The people in Decatur asked,‘What do you want us towork on’,”Byrd recalls.“We said,‘It’s up to you’— andwe meant it.We really felt we should trust the localcommunity.The core principle of communication forsocial change is that communities know who they areand what they want. So we left them on their own toidentify the issues they wanted to tackle and come upwith strategies to address them. In theory, this would givethem ownership of the communication for social changeprocess, thereby making it more sustainable. In practice,it seems to be working.”Then, two years later in August 2002, Byrd got a reportin the mail outlining the partnership’s recent efforts topromote youth leadership, manage pediatric asthma andprevent heart disease.“It was quite impressive,”he says.“In retrospect, I think they were better off without a lotof external interference.”LISTENING TO YOUTHThe boys basketball team at Maroa-Forsyth High School,which serves an upscale area just north of Decatur, wonfive games and lost 19 in its 2001-2002 season.Thatdispiriting record didn’t stop Kevin Miller,5 a member ofthe Trojans’pep squad, from cheering his classmates onthe court. But the police cruisers that pulled up outsidethe gymnasium during a home game that winter nearlydid.At halftime, a school administrator and a police officerescorted Miller — the only African-American in thegym — to the principal’s office, where they questionedhim for more than an hour.Earlier that day an anonymous caller reported that Millerwas starting a gang and might bring a gun to the game.Maybe the police were right to check it out. But insteadof approaching him that afternoon, or before he enteredthe gym, they humiliated him in front of his peers.Theschool messed up, too.“They let the police question himin the principal’s office without notifying his parents,”saysDavid Kidd, a retired principal who met Miller a fewmonths before the incident.“It flies in the face of educa-tion policy, not to mention state code.”Although they found no evidence of any wrongdoing,the police followed Miller home after the game.Whenhe told his parents about the episode, they decided not tocomplain.As one of the few black families in the neigh-borhood, they were wary of calling more attention tothemselves. Someone had already burned a cross in theirfront yard and made threatening phone calls. Kevin,though, found one place where he felt safe telling hisstory: at the youth group he attends each Sunday evening.Known as YES, it’s one of 14 groups formed nationwideTalking Cure: A Case Study in Communication for Social Change35 Given his age, and the nature of the incident, his name hasbeen changed.3 To learn more about Turning Point, which began in 1997 withsupport from the Kellogg Foundation and the Robert WoodJohnson Foundation, visit www.turningpointprogram.org4 Rockefeller limited its support at that time to providing the con-ceptual model. Then, in December 2002, as the Kellogg grantwas nearing its conclusion, it gave the partnership $100,000 tocontinue its work for another two years.
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4Talking Cure: A Case Study in Communication for Social Changewith support from Kellogg’s Youth Engagement Strategy.6It offers a forum where young people can discuss racialtensions, develop leadership skills and explore opportuni-ties for collective action.Since the Decatur Community Partnership hosted thegroup’s first meeting in the spring of 2001, its membershave become visible agents of change.They not onlyrun their own meetings, but also play increasingly vocalroles in the community.“YES is taking on bigger prob-lems and asking adults to really change,”says CindyLaegeler, executive director of Partners in Education, amentoring program that now coordinates the group.Miller and his fellow members organized a Youth Summitin November 2002 to explore ways that young peoplecan help shape decisions that affect their lives.The event,which was held at the local community college and drew150 participants, looked at how different people define,earn and show respect.“We had each person write down an action plan,”recallsLakiesha Byars, an 11th grader who helped organize theevent,“something they would do to show or earn respect.We had them seal it in a self-addressed envelope.Thenwe mailed it back to them in February so they could seeif they followed through.After that, we did a phone sur-vey and asked if they did, and if their relationships withteachers, parents or friends had improved.”The dialogue continued in other ways, too.At the sum-mit, a local radio station taped interviews with dozensof participants. For several months afterward, it broadcastexcerpts in public-service announcements billed as“Youth Voices.”Led by 20 core members,YES has organized trips toNew York, New Mexico and Minnesota to comparenotes with other progressive youth groups. Its membershave also met with dozens of business executives andpublic officials to discuss diversity, career goals and otherconcerns. But meaningful dialogue with adults has notalways come easily. In a meeting with the editorial boardat Decatur’s daily newspaper,YES members were askedto comment on parking-meter fees. One teen-ager raisedher hand and replied,“We aren’t driving yet, and there arefew stores or reasons for us to be downtown.”The editorkept pressing the issue, somehow failing to register its lackof relevance to their lives.As it grew,YES developed a committee structure tohelp it explore opportunities for collective action. Onecommittee planned the Youth Summit.Another held acompetition to promote community service by otheryouth groups, awarding six grants of up to $1,000 each.A third committee is exploring the possibility of settingup a teen court, where youthful offenders would gobefore a jury of their peers. Sentences might includecommunity service, jury duty, restitution and counseling.YES did not come up with the idea on its own. Sincethe first teen courts were formed in the late 1960s, nearly900 cities and towns throughout the United States haveestablished similar programs—mostly in the last decade.7“Many of these programs have shown a very low recidi-vism rate,”says Deborah Shrum, who succeeded Kehartas the partnership’s director in March 2003.“Kids aremore respectful of their peers on the jury than they areof an adult judge.”In its fact-finding phase, the teen-court committee metwith a local judge, a county sheriff and a state attorney.Then its members traveled to Chicago to see a teen courtin action.They are also exploring the possibility of estab-lishing youth delegates to the city council, the schoolboard and the county board of supervisors.“We can’t doall of these things with just 20 kids and a couple ofadults,”says Kidd, the group’s adult coordinator.“We’retrying to be a catalyst that sets things in motion.We haveto decide on what we want to do and go about it in aprofessional way.”Kehart is optimistic. Starting the YES group, she says, is“the best thing”the partnership has ever done. For itsmembers, it has become a springboard to better speakingand leadership skills. But more than that, it is building thecommunity’s capacity to communicate across generationaland racial lines.“YES definitely grew out of a crisis,”shesays, referring to the controversy over the Decatur Seven.“Now I’d say we’re at stage three of the communicationfor social change model: collective action (see figure 1).We’re seeing individual change among the YES members,who might live a different kind of life than they wouldhave otherwise. I think societal impact is on the horizon.”7 To learn more about teen courts, visitwww.abanet.org/publiced/youth/tab17.html6 In June 2000, Kellogg made a $139,300 grant to support thepartnership’s work with YES for three years. To learn moreabout Kellogg’s youth initiative, visit www.appalshop.org/yes
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Talking Cure: A Case Study in Communication for Social Change5BREATHING LESSONSIn the fall of 1999, Decatur was the only city in Illinoiswith a population of 75,000 or more that still let itsresidents burn leaves. It also had the state’s fourth-highestincidence of pediatric asthma. Each autumn, the emer-gency department at Decatur Memorial Hospital saw aninflux of children seeking treatment for asthma and otherrespiratory ailments.To help clear the air, the Decatur Community Partnershiplaunched an initiative in 1998 to ban leaf burning. Morethan 200 physicians signed a petition supporting the pro-posal, but still it ran into fierce opposition. For some resi-dents, the smell of burning leaves brought back fondchildhood memories; others worried about the cost ofdisposing of them; still others felt they had a right to do asthey pleased in their own yard.After much heated debate,the city council voted 5-to-1 to prohibit residential leafburning.The ban took effect on October 1, 2000.“This was an issue where consensus was never going tohappen,”says Kehart.“We had to find a political solutionand it took years. Some people still haven’t forgiven us,but others have come around.We didn’t just walk awayafter we won the vote.”The partnership helped ease the burden by arranging forlocal youth groups to rake leaves for elderly and disabledresidents. Between 1998 and 2002, these groups rakedabout 2,500 lawns; in return, they received nearly$125,000 in state funds.After four years the partnershiphanded off the project to the University of Illinois’extension program in Macon County, which dropped ita year later when faced with state budget cuts.The city isnow looking for ways to continue the project in 2003and beyond.Many area residents suspected that leaf burning wasn’t theonly thing triggering asthmatic attacks.Autumn is harvesttime in Macon County, and the air grows thick with dustfrom the grain-processing plants and exhaust from dieseltrucks.The partnership assembled a strategy team toexplore ways to combat pediatric asthma.Among itsmembers were a pulmonary physician, an immunologist,physical therapists, school nurses, students and parents.Thepartnership decided to center the dialogue around healthexperts because the issue is both inherently technical andhighly controversial. Indeed, any discussion of outdoor airin Decatur raises concerns about the aroma that emanatesfrom the local grain-processing plants.“Some people says it’s the smell of money, because it’sbeen the lifeblood of the community for so long,”Kehartexplains.“Others say it’s the smell of death.We didn’twant 500 people in a room yelling that ADM and Staleywere killing them.That didn’t seem like a useful way tohold a dialogue.”The team met four times to determine the scope ofthe problem and weigh possible responses.Then it helda public forum to present its findings and recommenda-tions.Above all, it called on health professionals to providefamilies and schools with better information about asthmaand better ways to manage it.The partnership thenlaunched a pilot project, using materials developed by theAmerican Lung Association, to educate families in oneurban neighborhood.More significantly, it teamed up with the CommunityHealth Improvement Center (CHIC), which offers healthcare to low-income residents, to conduct a six-monthstudy of 10 children with asthma.8 Initially, none of thechildren, who ranged from 7 to 12 years old, knew howto use their inhalers correctly. Moreover, they and theirparents expressed fear that exercise would trigger anattack, although health professionals say that fear is largelyunwarranted.The partnership arranged for the children totake swimming and aerobics classes twice a week at theYMCA. Before and after each class, they used peak-flow8 The study was funded in part by a $26,000 grant fromAmerican Hospital Association’s Health Research andEducational Trust.Youth Leaderships Catalyst: The school board’s handling of theDecatur Seven erupts into a national controversy.s Community dialogue: YES and its YouthSummit offer forums where local teen-agers discussracial tensions and other concerns.The group pro-motes dialogue with adults through meetings withbusiness leaders and public officials.s Collective action: YES forges proposals for ateen court and for youth delegates to school board,city council and county board of supervisors. Itsmini-grant program encourages other youth groupsto engage in community service.s Individual change: YES members developleadership and speaking skills. Some are makingchoices — like foregoing drugs, continuing theireducation or engaging in community service —that may alter the course of their lives.s Societal impact:“On the horizon,”Kehart says.
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6Talking Cure: A Case Study in Communication for Social Changemeters to measure their ability to exhale quickly.Withinsix weeks, all of them had increased their readings — andlearned that exercise can help alleviate their condition.With help from their parents, the children kept journalsfor three months, noting when and where they hadattacks. CHIC is now looking to see if there is any corre-lation with outdoor air quality, which the state measureshourly in Decatur.The results are still forthcoming, butBarbara Dunn, CHIC’s executive director, views indoorair as a more likely culprit.As part of the study, she notes,researchers from the University of Illinois’environmentalstudies program visited each participating family’s hometo look for possible triggers. In many cases they foundmold, dust, pet hair and cigarette smoke.The study, which concluded in November 2002,showed that better education helped the children over-come their fear of exercise and learn to use inhalerscorrectly.All but one of the participants improved theirattendance at school.Yet Kehart found the study discouraging. By way ofexplanation, she tells the story of two twins enrolled inthe study.Their father lost his job and their mother washospitalized with kidney stones.The family kept puttingoff the indoor air check, finally admitting that theirplumbing had stopped working and that they didn’t haveenough money to fix it. Sewage was leaking into thebasement.The partnership spent $200 to get the kitchensink working.Then it helped make costlier repairs to thesewer line, which dated from 1929.“The partnership canstep in and help families like that from time to time,”Kehart says.“But what if there are others? What weneed is structural, systemic change.”There are some encouraging signs. CHIC has takensteps to provide ongoing education and better casemanagement for the asthmatic children its serves.Andin recent years, the Decatur Herald & Review has runnumerous articles on how to minimize the impact ofpediatric asthma.“We’ve got the right people around the table,”Kehartsays.“But we still need to reach school nurses, who areunderstaffed and won’t administer breathing treatments.And we need training for families, which is costly.Theyjust don’t realize that the most common triggers forasthma are right there inside their homes.”Pediatric Asthmas Catalyst: High incidence of pediatric asthma raisesquestions about airborne irritants generated bygrain processing, diesel trucks and burning leaves.s Community dialogue: Leaf burning becomesa focus of public debate in city-council hearings andnewspaper articles.A panel of health experts calls fora ban on leaf burning and better education on therelative threats posed by exercise and indoor triggers.s Collective action:Youth volunteers begin rakinglawns for elderly and disabled. City council bansleaf burning.The partnership provides asthma edu-cation for families and staff at one local elementaryschool. CHIC conducts a six-month study of 10asthmatic children to trace the effects of education,exercise and environmental triggers.s Individual change: Children who took part inthe study now use their inhalers correctly and exer-cise without fear.Their families have taken steps toimprove the air quality in their homes.s Societal impact: CHIC now offers ongoing edu-cation and better case management for asthmaticchildren it serves.A wider impact, especially in theschool system, remains to be seen. Unlike manyhealth experts, local residents still regard outdoor airas a greater threat than indoor air.
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Talking Cure: A Case Study in Communication for Social Change7THE BEAT GOES ONThe leading cause of death in the United States is notcancer or car accidents. It’s cardiovascular disease.Thesame holds true in Macon County.Although the localhospitals offer many advanced treatments, includingopen-heart surgery, little effort has gone into showingpeople how to avoid heart ailments in the first place.“We go all out to treat people with cardiovascular dis-ease,”says Jerry Andrews, administrator for the MaconCounty Health Department.“What we do not have is asound, strategic prevention plan designed to educate andmotivate the public.”Andrews, who also serves as president of the DecaturCommunity Partnership’s board, is working to changethat. In December 2002, the partnership launched acampaign to show that voluntary changes in behavior andlifestyle can lower the risk of heart disease.The campaign,called “The Beat Goes On,”aims to promote healthyeating and physical exercise among area residents.Kehart enlisted Cindy Deadrick, a local consultant,to help manage the project.“We’re confident this cam-paign will increase residents’knowledge of the disease,”Deadrick says,“and offer them the opportunity to learnand participate in lectures, exercise, nutritious cookingand relaxation.”The campaign grew out of a series of health surveys,focus groups and one-on-one dialogues initiated by thepartnership.This input indicated that prevention messageswere not reaching people with little or no health insur-ance.The partnership formed a strategy team to exploreways to get out the word that healthy diets and exercisecan add years to people’s lives.The team included con-sumers, physicians, community activists, religious leaders,public-health personnel and social-service providers. Overthe course of a year, they clarified the community’s needsand developed a plan of action.First they helped develop a unified protocol for blood-pressure screenings throughout the county.Then theyarranged to use Care Force One, a mobile health facilitypurchased with part of the Turning Point grant, to providethe community with education on exercise, stress reduc-tion and nutrition.Most ambitiously, the team called for a campaign to“get people off their duffs,”to borrow Deadrick’sdescription of “The Beat Goes On.”Between Januaryand April 2003, more than 800 people agreed to answera questionnaire about their exercise habits and to recordtheir activity on a wallet-size card. In return, they got freeblood-pressure readings and free screenings oftheir cholesterol and glucose levels.“It’s a very down-to-earth program,”says Kehart.“We’re just asking them to walk 15 minutes a day, soit’s an attainable goal for most people.There are alsoincentives: small things like T-shirts and big ones like adrawing for a treadmill.”The partnership also set up measured walking trails nearfive pilot sites in March and April 2003. In the comingmonths, county health officials will drive Care Force Oneto each site and offer free screenings for blood pressure,glucose, cholesterol and abdominal aortic aneurysms.They will also provide informational sessions on ways toreduce the risk of heart disease.Cardiovascular Diseases Catalyst: Mounting awareness that cardiovasculardisease is the leading cause of death in MaconCounty.s Community dialogue:The partnership convenesa strategy team to find ways to prevent cardiovascu-lar disease. Its members include doctors, patients,community activists, religious leaders, public-healthofficials and social-service providers.s Collective action: The partnership mounts acitywide campaign to promote healthy eating andexercise. Care Force One offers free screenings forblood pressure, cholesterol and glucose.A pilotproject provides five local communities withmeasured walking trails and educational sessionson cardiovascular disease prevention.s Individual change: Eight hundred people signup for “The Beat Goes On.”Some may continueto exercise regularly and eat more nutritiously.Asa result of the screenings, some participants werediagnosed with ailments that might have goneundetected for months or years.s Societal impact:“Time will tell,”says Sexton.
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One of the sites is Niantic, an agricultural village 11 mileswest of Decatur. Randy Sexton manages the local grainelevator, where farmers store and sell their corn and soy.“We’re urging people to do something for themselvesand for their loved ones,”he says.“They can start withbaby steps and then do a little more.We want Niantic tobecome known as ‘the town that walks’.”Sexton, a longtime resident who readily admits he coulduse more exercise, has been instrumental in persuadinghis neighbors to join the campaign.“I think the bottom line is social change is effectivewhen one-on-one contact or dialogue is involved,”saysDeadrick.“You need dedicated people to go out intothe community.”Another pilot site is the neighborhood around the NorthJasper Street Church of Christ, where Mattie Towles leadsa women’s Bible study group on Sunday evenings.“Wewant to reach people spiritually,”says Towles, who wouldlike to see her congregation forge closer ties with the sur-rounding community.“But we have to take care of theirphysical needs first.”THEORIES OF CHANGE“We were beginning to do this several years ago,”saysKehart.“But we didn’t have a model to refer back to.The integrated model of communication for socialchange has helped focus our thought process.”Previously,she explains, the partnership often neglected to clarifyperceptions or assess the current status, two importantsteps in a productive community dialogue.There is a tendency in the civic arena to jump from prob-lem to solution, from crisis to action.“If you’re lucky youget a little individual change,”Kehart says.“But often theprocess breaks down or the results don’t stick.To get indi-vidual change and societal impact, you really have toinvest in community dialogue.That’s what communica-tion for social change taught me: If we weren’t gettingpeople to take action, either we weren’t listening or wedidn’t have the right people at the table.”The challenge with community dialogue is to find theright momentum. If collective action comes too soon,people may doubt your sincerity as a listener. If it doesn’tcome soon enough, they may grow discouraged. Onekey to success is to keep people talking, even as theyundertake collective action.“It helps you reassess andrefine what you are doing,”says Kehart.“You can backup whenever you need to, because the dialogue neverreally ends.”One of the partnership’s greatest strengths is its willingnessto let go. It wasn’t always that way.“We went through aphase of owning a lot of things,”says Kehart.“But thenwe realized that we needed to get back to being a part-nership and a catalyst.”In recent years, it has handed off several projects to otherorganizations. First Call for Help, an information andreferral service started in response to the communityhealth assessment, now resides with the United Way ofDecatur/Macon County.The partnership’s litter initiative,Operation Sparkle and Shine, and its leaf-raking projectboth went to the University of Illinois’extension program.Similarly,YES is coordinated by Partners in Education,even though it still meets each Sunday night in the part-nership’s offices.The asthma study was conducted byCHIC. Care Force One and the campaign to preventheart disease are both managed by the Macon CountyHealth Department.8Talking Cure: A Case Study in Communication for Social Change
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OUTLOOKDespite its past achievements, the partnership faces somedaunting challenges in the months and years ahead.Themost immediate is a leadership transition.After nine yearsas director, Kehart stepped down in March 2003, althoughshe continues to work on selected projects as a consultant.She was burned out.“It takes a long time to get a solidmovement going,”she explains.“Change just didn’t hap-pen fast enough for a personality like mine.”Deborah Shrum, her successor, is a former programdirector at HOPE of East Central Illinois, which providescounseling, legal aid and shelter to victims of domesticviolence in Charleston, 40 miles away.As a newcomerto Decatur, she will have to build the social connectionsand trust that Kehart brought with her to the job.Cutbacks at Decatur Memorial Hospital may also poseproblems, since the hospital’s foundation provides thepartnership with clerical and financial support. Mostsignificantly, though, the partnership must contend withfinancial and economic constraints that lie far beyond itscontrol.The state of Illinois is trying to close a $3.6 billionbudget gap for the fiscal year starting July 1, 2003. Closerto home, Millikin University, which has collaboratedwith the partnership on several projects, is shouldering a$46 million debt load.And there are fears that Caterpillar,like Bridgestone/Firestone, might someday leave town.Many communities might simply throw up their handsat such daunting challenges. But Decatur has shown aresilience that Mark Singer’s New Yorker article seems tooverlook. By investing in the communication for socialchange process, many of its residents and institutions arestrengthening their capacity to tackle whatever hardshipsfate and the global economy send their way.With leadership from the partnership, people who mighthave remained strangers have discovered their similarinterests, values and shared concerns.The communityhas begun to confront pressing issues through public andprivate debate.The information that people share in thesedialogues has become more accurate.And local residents,including many disadvantaged people, have gained newleadership skills and seized new opportunities for playinga more active role in civic life. In short, the partnership isusing communication for social change not just to solvecurrent crises, but as a way to build social capital for thelong run.“Do most groups in Decatur make decisions this way?”asks Kehart.“Absolutely not. I don’t think we would havethe socioeconomic gap in pediatric asthma, for example,if everybody was really listening. But that could change.Our strength is our willingness to keep going back to thecommunity, listening and responding to their concerns.That way, we don’t let people down with our actions.”Talking Cure: A Case Study in Communication for Social Change9
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10Talking Cure: A Case Study in Communication for Social ChangeCommunity ProfileCity of DecaturMacon CountyTotal Population81,860114,706Race/EthnicityWhite.63,519 (77.6%)95,760 (83.5%)Black or African-American15,940 (19.5%)16,130 (14.1%)Hispanic or Latino (of any race)978 (1.2%)1,120 (1.0%)Education (age 25 or older)High-school graduate or higher42,873 (80.8%)62,562 (83.2%)Bachelor’s degree or higher9,020 (17.0%)12,708 (16.9%)EmploymentEducation, health and social services7,187 (20.1%)10,544 (20.1%)Manufacturing6,793 (19.0%)10,084 (19.2%)Retail trade4,347 (12.1%)6,378 (12.1%)Arts, entertainment, recreation,accommodation and food services3,081 (8.6%)4,011 (7.6%)Transportation, warehousing and utilities2,612 (7.3%)4,093 (7.8%)IncomeMedian family income$42,379$47,493Median household income$33,111$37,859Families below poverty level2,571 (12.1%)2,883 (9.3%)Individuals below poverty level12,999 (16.5%)14,316 (12.9%)Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000
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Talking Cure: A Case Study in Communication for Social Change11A Cycle of SorrowsA recent article in Illinois Issues, the state’s leading magazine on public affairs, described Decatur’s misfortunes as“an ever-worsening cycle of sorrows.”Here are some of the major setbacks:May 1995A 10-month strike at Bridgestone/Firestone ends in defeat for 1,200 union members.December 1995A 17-month strike at Caterpillar ends in defeat for 1,800 union members.January 1996A 29-month lockout at A.E. Staley ends in defeat for 760 union members.April 1996Two tornadoes in less than 24 hours injure 36 people and cause $10 million inproperty damage.July 1999Tate & Lyle, the British firm that owns A.E. Staley, wins a 50 percent reduction of itsproperty tax assessment, lowering revenues at the public-school system by more than$300,000 a year.July 1999A federal judge fines Archer Daniels Midland $100 million and sends three topexecutives to prison in connection with a price-fixing scandal.September 1999Eisenhower High School, citing its “zero-tolerance”policy, expels sevenAfrican-American students for fighting at a football game.October 1999Jesse Jackson intervenes on behalf of the Decatur Seven, prompting a counterdemonstration by the Ku Klux Klan.December 1999Decatur loses its commercial air link to Chicago, leaving just two flights a day to St. Louis.August 2000Bridgestone/Firestone recalls 6.5 million tires as federal investigators study hundreds offatal accidents involving Ford Explorers.The company lays off 440 workers in Decatur,noting that many of the crashes were linked to tires made there.October 2000Archer Daniels Midland wins a 15 percent reduction of its property tax assessment,lowering school revenues by $188 million a year.December 2001Bridgestone/Firestone closes its Decatur plant, eliminating 1,480 remaining jobs.July 2002Zexel Valea closes its compressor plant, which had employed 550 people in Decatur.
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12Talking Cure: A Case Study in Communication for Social ChangeDecatur Community PartnershipThe Decatur Community Partnership traces itsorigins to a citywide effort to curb substance abuse,which began in 1991.Through a series of focusgroups, key figures from the criminal-justice system,social-service agencies, businesses and rural partsof Macon County identified local needs and devel-oped suitable ways to prevent the abuse of drugsand alcohol.In subsequent years, the partnership sought ways tostreamline the delivery of social services, with thegoal of bringing more people to self-sufficiency.Acore group of organizations has sustained the partner-ship since its inception, while others have taken partfor shorter periods.Among the mainstays is theDecatur Memorial Hospital’s operating foundation,which provides the partnership with administrativeand financial support.In some respects, the partnership is more of an ideathan an institution. In April 2001, it adopted articlesof governance and restructured its board. But it haschosen to remain unincorporated in order to mini-mize turf battles and fears of competition among itspartners. Because it does not have 501(c)(3) status, itsgrants are channeled through the Decatur MemorialHospital’s operating foundation. It has an annualoperating budget of $100,000 and three full-timestaff members. "When we get a grant, we form astrategy team and get to work," says Kehart. "It keepsus flexible."To learn more about the partnership’s work, visitwww.decaturnet.org/dcpDecatur Community Partnership2170 North Edward StreetDecatur, Illinois 62526Phone: (217) 872-1024Fax: (217) 872-1320E-mail: cip96@midwest.netResourcesTo learn more about communication for socialchange contact:Communication for Social Change Consortium14 South Orange Avenue, Suite 2FSouth Orange, NJ 07079973-763-1115Also, see these publications from the RockfellerFoundation:Communication for Social Change:An Integrated Model forMeasuring the Process and Its Outcomes, a working paperby Maria Elena Figueroa, D. Lawrence Kinkaid,Manju Rani and Gary Lewis with the RockefellerFoundation communication staff (2002).Making Waves: Stories of Participatory Communication forSocial Change,by Alfonso Gumucio Dagron (2001).Communication for Social Change:A Position Paper andConference Report (1999).Communications and Social Change: Forging Strategies forthe 21st Century (1997).To order printed copies of these publications,or to download them in pdf format, visitwww.rockfound.org/publications
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The Rockfeller Foundation420 Fifth AvenueNew York, New York10018-2702www.rockfound.org

TRUSTAFRICA

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TRUSTAFRICA2OO72OO8Mermoz PyrotechnieRoute de la Stèle, Lot N° SR 12BP 45435Dakar-Fann, Sénégalwww.trustafrica.orgTRUSTAFRICAANNUAL REPORT2OO72OO8ANNUALREPORT
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Our MissionNotre MissionTrustAfrica is an independent foundation that strives to secure the conditions for democracy andequitable development throughout the continent. Led by Africans, we convene dialogues, catalyzeideas, and provide grants and technical assistance to organizations working to advance these goals.TrustAfrica est une fondation indépendante qui s’évertue à garantir les conditions pour ladémocratie et le développement équitable à travers le continent. Dirigée par des Africains,nous organisons des rencontres, catalysons des idées, accordons des subventions, et offronsune assistance technique à des organisations poursuivant ces objectifs.
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Dear Friends and Colleagues,TrustAfrica came into being at a time of renewed optimism about thecontinent, a spirit not seen since the early days of independence. Africangovernments had begun working together more closely than ever beforeto tackle shared concerns. Business leaders were reaching acrossborders to open markets, spur investment, and create jobs. And civilsociety organizations—from grassroots community groups tosophisticated advocacy campaigns and nonpartisan research institutes—were emerging as an increasingly significant force in public life. Yetthere were daunting challenges this past fiscal year. One electoral crisisrocked Kenya, while a second was spiraling out of control in Zimbabwe.Deadly strife escalated in Algeria, Chad, Somalia, and Sudan. Even SouthAfrica, a beacon of hope since the fall of apartheid, gave rise tomounting xenophobia.These challenges are cause for concern. Yet we at TrustAfrica believethat Africans are still making headway toward achieving their three greataspirations: peace, democracy, and development. We would even arguethat Africa, as a whole, is in better shape today than at any point in livingmemory. We say this because Africans are more engaged in civic life anddemocratic processes. The recent proliferation of civil society groups—notwithstanding efforts by cynical lawmakers to proscribe their work—can serve as a much-needed counterweight to government and businessinterests and help to secure peace and equitable development.We kept this vital sector in mind this past year—our second as anindependent organization headquartered in Dakar, Senegal—as webegan to reconfigure our programs to better address the needs ofAfrican societies. These revised lines of work are explained more fullyelsewhere in this report, so we will only describe them briefly here.Our new Democracy and Civil Society program strives to secure theconditions for democracy by strengthening the capacity of civil societyorganizations. Our Equitable Development program supports efforts tofoster African enterprise and extend the benefits of economic growthto all members of society. And our African Philanthropy programleverages new and traditional forms of African giving to advancedemocracy and development and minimize reliance on external donors.This past year we also convened fruitful workshops on the costs ofnon-integration, the challenges of religion and pluralism, the dynamics ofmigration and economic development, and the role of African philanthropy.We approved 19 project grants totaling US$1,257,756 to advance therecommendations that emerged from these encounters. We alsoawarded five research grants, totaling US$432,480, for the study ofbusiness and investment climates in Africa, with the understanding thatthe right kinds of economic growth can fuel broadly shared prosperity.As we write, the son of an African economist has just been elected to thehighest office in America. The acute political and economic challenges hefaces make it unlikely that Africa will see a dramatic increase in foreignassistance any time soon. However, the election of Barack Obama Jr.—aformer community organizer, law professor, and legislator—reminds usof the profound relevance of civil society as well as the tremendouspromise that our vast continent holds.We hope you will stay with us as we continue the challenging, butimportant journey of bringing this potential to fruition.Gerry SaloleAkwasi AidooChairpersonExecutive Director3Chers amis et Collegues,TrustAfrica devint une réalité a un moment de regain d’optimisme pourle continent, un esprit pas vu depuis les premiers jours de l’indépendance.Les gouvernements africains ont commencé à travailler ensemble plusétroitement que jamais pour s’attaquer à des préoccupations communes.Les chefs d’entreprises se sont joints au-delà des frontières pour ouvrirles marchés, stimuler les investissements et créer des emplois.Et les organisations de la société civile – allant des organisationscommunautaires de base aux campagnes de sensibilisationsophistiquées et aux instituts de recherche non partisans – ont émergécomme une force de plus en plus signifiante dans la vie publique.Pourtant, il y a eu de redoutables défis au cours de la dernière annéefinancière. Une crise électorale a secoué le Kenya, tandis qu’une secondes’est muée en une spirale hors de contrôle au Zimbabwe. Des troublesmeurtriers se sont multipliés en Algérie, au Tchad, en Somalie et auSoudan. Même l’Afrique du Sud, une lueur d’espoir depuis la chute del’apartheid, a donné lieu à la montée de la xénophobie.Ces défis sont une source de préoccupation. N’empêche, nous àTrustAfrica, continuons à croire que les Africains sont toujours engagésdans la voie qui mène à la réalisation de leurs trois grandes ambitions : lapaix, la démocratie et le développement. Nous sommes même enmesure d’affirmer que l’Afrique, dans son ensemble, est en meilleureforme aujourd’hui que jamais de mémoire d’homme. Nous disons celaparce que les Africains sont plus engagés dans la vie civique et lesprocessus démocratiques. La récente prolifération de groupes de lasociété civile -en dépit des efforts déployés par des législateurscyniques en vue de proscrire leur travail – peut servir de contre-pouvoirsbien nécessaires face au gouvernement et aux intérêts d’affaires et àaider à garantir la paix et le développement équitable.Nous avons gardé à l’esprit ce secteur vital au cours de la dernière année –notre deuxième en tant qu’organisation indépendante dont le siège est àDakar, au Sénégal – alors que nous commencions à reconfigurer nosprogrammes afin de mieux répondre aux besoins des sociétésafricaines. Ces nouvelles lignes de travail sont expliquées plus en détailailleurs dans le présent rapport. Ici, ils sont seulement décrits brièvement.Notre nouveau programme sur la démocratie et la société civile vise àassurer les conditions de la démocratie par le renforcement descapacités des organisations de la société civile. Notre programme surle développement équitable soutient les efforts visant à encourager lesentreprises africaines et à étendre les avantages de la croissanceéconomique à tous les membres de la société. Et notre programme surla philanthropie africaine vise a exploiter les formes traditionnelles etnouvelles de dons en Afrique pour faire avancer la démocratie et ledéveloppement et réduire la dépendance vis-à-vis des donateurs extérieurs.Cette dernière année, nous avons également organisé des ateliersfructueux sur les coûts de la non-intégration, les défis de la religion et dupluralisme, les dynamiques de la migration et du développementéconomique, et le rôle de la philanthropie africaine. Nous avons approuvé 19subventions de projets totalisant 1 257 756 dollars américains pour faireavancer les recommandations issues de ces rencontres. Nous avonségalement décerné 5 bourses de recherche, pour un total de 432 480 dollarsaméricains, pour l’étude des climats d’affaires et d’investissement enAfrique, étant entendu que les bons types de croissance économiquepeuvent impulser une prospérité largement partagée.A cet instant précis, le fils d’un économiste de l’Afrique vient d’être élu àla magistrature suprême en Amérique. Les graves défis politiques etéconomiques auxquels il est confrontés font qu’il est peu probable quel’Afrique va voir une augmentation spectaculaire de l’aide étrangère dansun avenir proche. Toutefois, l’élection de Barack Obama Jr. – un ancienorganisateur communautaire, professeur de droit, et législateur – nousrappelle la pertinence profonde de la société civile ainsi que l’énormepromesse que notre vaste continent détient.Nous espérons que vous resterez avec nous pendant que nouscontinuons à relever le défi, mais important voyage, de faire fructifierce potentiel.Gerry SaloleAkwasi AidooPrésident, Conseil d’administrationDirecteur exécutif, TrustAfrica2Un Nouveau Jour en AfriqueA New Day in AfricaSiegfried Modola/IRINManoocher Deghati/IRIN
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54TrustAfrica is not just a new foundation. It’s a new kind of foundation.Led by Africans with a devotion to inclusive dialogue, it brings apioneering approach to development and philanthropy in Africa. Theseare a few of the qualities that set us apart:TrustAfrica is an African institution■ Unlike most donors, we’re rooted in the continent. With staff on theground in several strategic locations, we have a prime vantage on thechallenges and opportunities facing Africa.■ We’re led by Africans. Our trustees and staff, recruited throughoutAfrica and abroad, share extensive experience in development andphilanthropy and an unwavering commitment to good governance.TrustAfrica helps Africans set the agenda for development■ We don’t take our cues from external donors, nor do we push anagenda of our own making. Instead, we host workshops that allowleading figures from across the continent to shape our programstrategy by identifying needs, setting priorities, crafting solutions,and making recommendations for funding.■ Our workshops have drawn hundreds of visionary scholars, activists,artists, entrepreneurs, and policy makers from across Africa andthrough out the diaspora. We’ve given more than US$8 million tosupport dozens of projects that grew out of these dialogues. Theseinitiatives are more likely to win acceptance and make a lastingimpact than ready-made responses imposed from abroad.TrustAfrica addresses critical funding gaps.■ Although the toughest challenges in Africa today transcend borders,most donors still channel their funding through country-specificprograms. We earmark our support for collaborative, regional projectsthat can help forge lasting solutions.■ We help civil society groups tackle intractable challenges by teamingup with peers in neighboring countries. Through such alliances, theycan learn from each other’s experiences and reach the critical massneeded to achieve positive social change.TrustAfrica is working to build a safe, free and prosperous future for all Africans,including these children from the islands of Lake Victoria.TrustAfrica travaille pour la construction d'un futur sur, libre et prospère pourtous les Africains, y compris ces enfants des îles du Lac Victoria.Different by DesignUne conception différenteTrustAfrica n’est pas seulement une nouvelle fondation. C’est unenouvelle vision de la fondation. Dirigée par des Africains dévoués audialogue inclusif, elle innove dans son approche au développement et à laphilanthropie en Afrique. Voici certaines des qualités qui la distinguedes autres:TrustAfrica est une institution africaine■ Contrairement à beaucoup de bailleurs, nous sommes enracinés dansle continent. Un personnel sur le terrain en plusieurs endroitsstratégiques nous donne l’avantage d’être un observatoire de pointesur les défis et opportunités auxquels l’Afrique est confrontée.■ Nous sommes dirigés par des Africains. Nos administrateurs etpersonnels, recrutés à travers toute l’Afrique et à l’étranger,rassemblent une grande expérience en matière de développement etde philanthropie et partagent un engagement sans faille pour labonne gouvernance.TrustAfrica aide les Africains à définir leur programmede développement■ Nous ne prenons pas nos indicateurs chez les bailleurs extérieurs.Nous ne forçons pas non plus notre propre agenda. Au contraire, nousorganisons des ateliers qui permettent à des figures de proues detout le continent de contribuer à notre stratégie de programme, enidentifiant les besoins, définissant les priorités, développant dessolutions et faisant des recommandations de financement.■ Nos ateliers ont attiré des centaines de visionnaires : universitaires,activistes, artistes, entrepreneurs et décideurs de toute l’Afrique etde la Diaspora. Nous avons donné plus de $8 millions de dollars USpour soutenir des dizaines de projets issus de nos consultations.Ces initiatives sont plus susceptibles d’êtres acceptées et d’avoir desimpacts durables sur notre continent que les solutions toute faitesimposées de l’extérieur.TrustAfrica comble les lacunes en matière de financement■ Bien que les plus grands défis en Afrique aujourd’hui transcendent lesfrontières, la plupart des bailleurs continue de canaliser leursfinancements par le biais de programmes nationaux. Nous accordonsnotre soutien aux projets de collaboration régionale qui peuvent aiderà forger des solutions durables.■ Nous aidons les groupes de la société civile à relever les défisirréductibles en travaillant en équipe avec des pairs dans les paysvoisins. Grâce à ces alliances, les organisations de la société civilepeuvent s’enrichir de leurs expériences mutuelles et atteindre lamasse critique nécessaire pour réaliser le progrès social.Manoocher Deghati/IRIN; Siegfried Modola/IRIN; Tugela Ridley/IRIN; Courtesy of Urgent Action Fund–AfricaPennyTweedie/PanosPictures
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76Nous avons la conviction, à TrustAfrica, que la collaboration entreinstitutions du continent africain offre les meilleures perspectives pourdévelopper des solutions durables aux inextricables défis que posent laviolence, la discrimination et l’isolement économique. Par le biais desrencontres convoquées pour identifier les mesures prioritaires, et à l’aidede subventions coopératives et de l’assistance technique, nousencourageons les institutions africaines à travailler ensemble pour unavenir sûr, libre et prospère.Définition des prioritésNous prenons en charge ces questions complexes en regroupant desintellectuels, des militants, des hommes d’affaires, des artistes, desfonctionnaires et autres leaders communautaires de l'ensemble ducontinent et de toute la diaspora. Ces échanges sérieux et imaginatifspermettent d’inviter les Africains à intervenir dans la définition de nosprogrammes et la conception de nos solutions. De notre point de vue,ces stratégies sont plus susceptibles d’être acceptées et d’avoir unimpact durable que les réponses toutes faites imposées de l’extérieur.Forger des partenariatsEn cette ère de mondialisation, les problèmes les plus difficiles onttendance à transcender les frontières nationales, il faudrait donc que lessolutions en fassent de même. À TrustAfrica, nous estimons que c’estpar la collaboration avec les pairs des pays voisins que les institutionslocales pourront résoudre plus efficacement les problèmes sociaux.Grâce à ces alliances, les entrepreneurs sociaux peuvent s’inspirer desexpériences des autres et atteindre la masse critique nécessaire pourréaliser le progrès social.Mobilisation des ressourcesBien que TrustAfrica n’accepte pas les propositions spontanées, nousoffrons des subventions à un nombre limité d'initiatives prometteusesqui émergent au cours de nos rencontres. Il s’agit, en général, desubventions destinées à des projets en commun qui fusionnent plusieursstratégies (ex. : la recherche, le plaidoyer, le dialogue ou la créativité) etmettent en relation des organisations de divers pays et régions. Atravers un fonds séparé, nous soutenons également la recherche sur leclimat d’investissement et des affaires en Afrique. Parallèlement, nousespérons mobiliser des ressources supplémentaires en nous faisantl'écho de la voix des Africains auprès de la communauté de donateurs.Renforcement des institutionsTrustAfrica offre également de petites subventions destinées aurenforcement des capacités et visant à promouvoir une gestion cohérente,une gouvernance transparente, une communication efficace et desrésultats durables au niveau des organisations non gouvernementalesd’Afrique. Nous ne nous contentons pas de cultiver ces qualités chez lesautres en fournissant une assistance technique, mais nous nous efforçonségalement de les mettre en application dans nos propres opérations.Notre approcheAt TrustAfrica, we believe that institutional collaboration acrossAfrica offers the best hope for developing lasting solutions to suchintractable challenges as violence, discrimination, and economic isolation.Through agenda-setting workshops, collaborative grants, and technicalassistance, we help African institutions work together for a safe, free, andprosperous future.Setting PrioritiesWe approach complex issues by convening scholars, activists, businessprofessionals, artists, public officials, and other civic leaders fromacross the continent and throughout the diaspora. These thoughtful,imaginative workshops invite Africans to set our own agendas and craftour own solutions. In our view, such strategies are more likely to winacceptance and make a lasting impact than ready-made responsesimposed from abroad.Forging PartnershipsIn this era of globalization, the toughest problems tend to transcendnational boundaries; solutions should, too. At TrustAfrica, we believethat civic institutions can best tackle societal challenges by collaboratingwith peers in neighboring countries. Through such alliances, socialentrepreneurs can learn from each other’s experiences and reach thecritical mass needed to achieve social change.Mobilizing ResourcesTrustAfrica does not accept unsolicited proposals. Instead, we makegrants to a limited number of promising initiatives that emerge in ourworkshops. These major grants for collaborative projects tend to fusemultiple strategies (like research, advocacy, dialogue, or creativity) andconnect organizations from different countries and regions. Through aseparate fund, we also support research on the investment and businessenvironment in Africa. At the same time, we expect to attract additionalresources by amplifying African voices within the donor community.Strengthening InstitutionsTrustAfrica also makes small grants for capacity building topromote sound management, transparent governance, effectivecommunication, and sustainable results among nongovernmentalorganizations in Africa. We not only cultivate these qualities in others, byproviding technical assistance, but also strive to embody them in ourown operations.Our ApproachBishop Malusi Mpumlwana of South Africa shares his thoughts at ameeting of African religious leaders convened by TrustAfrica.L’évêque Malusi Mpumlwana de l’Afriquedu Sud partage ses idées lorsd’une rencontre des leaders religieux africains organisée par TrustAfrica.Tiggy Ridley/IRINNdiaga Seck/IRINChristopherReardon
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98TrustAfrica s’évertue à assurer les conditions nécessaires à ladémocratie en renforçant la capacité des organisations de lasociété civile.À TrustAfrica, nous croyons que des citoyens actifs constituent unélément essentiel pour une société prospère, durable et démocratique.Le vote est typiquement la voie la plus visible pour les personnesdésireuses de s’engager dans la vie publique, mais les élections seules,ne suffisent pas. Pour tenir les pouvoirs publics responsables, lescitoyens ont besoin d’accéder à l’information sur les activités de l’Etat entemps opportun, ainsi que la liberté de se mettre ensemble pour plaideren leur nom propre. L’Etat, à son tour, a le devoir d’honorer leurspréoccupations et d’agir en conséquence de manière responsable.Pourtant, dans de nombreuses régions de l’Afrique, des régimessupposément démocratiques excluent, marginalisent, ou réduisent lerôle de divers groupes sociaux et économiques. Ils engagent les citoyensde manière, en grande partie, symbolique, plutôt que de créer lesconditions favorables à une participation réelle et significative desacteurs autonomes et compétents.La récente prolifération d’organisations de la société civile en Afriqueoffre de grandes perspectives pour le renforcement de la démocratie.Cependant, les efforts de ces groupes sont souvent coupés court du faitde leur manque de coordination, de la duplication des efforts, desprogrammes concurrents, de leurs perceptions comme élitistes et deleur insuffisante transparence. Le secteur est aussi entravé par la pauvrecollaboration entre les groupes travaillant aux niveaux nationaux,régionaux et continentaux; la forte dépendance vis à vis des bailleurs dunord; et les faiblesses institutionnelles qui rendent difficile le recrutementet le maintien de personnels compétents ainsi que le développement destratégies de programme à moyen – et à long terme. Ce qui est d’autantplus gênant c’est la récente série d’efforts d’Etats visant à proscrire letravail des organisations de la société civile à travers des législationscyniques et oppressantes.StratégiesTrustAfrica cherche à renforcer la capacité des organisations de lasociété civile afin de préconiser la gouvernance démocratique et ledéveloppement équitable. Nous apportons notre appui à des groupes età des coalitions qui travaillent en vue :■ de superviser la politique nationale sur des questions-clés – tellesque la liberté d’association, la liberté d’expression, la libre circulationdes personnes et la participation civique dans l’établissement despriorités de développement – et de mener des plaidoyers visant àprotéger et à préserver le droit d’exercer ces libertés. Nousencourageons aussi les efforts visant à combattre les politiques quisuscitent la xénophobie et l’intolérance religieuse.■ d’engager les institutions régionaux afin d’améliorer l’application desnormes et standards démocratiques, comme la Charte Africaine surla Démocratie, les Élections et la Bonne Gouvernance.■ de renforcer leurs compétences de plaideurs et d’améliorer leur accèsaux décideurs politiques. Nous apportons un appui financier et uneassistance technique pour aider les organisations des pays ayant desdémocraties particulièrement fragiles, ainsi que celles des pays ensituation de post-conflit, afin d’atteindre les compétences requises.■ d’améliorer leur responsabilité et leur transparence et aussi d’élargirleurs groupes de soutien, en partie en faisant appel au secteur privéde l’Afrique comme allié potentiel dans le renforcement dela démocratie.ActivitésNotre travail concernant la société civile englobe plusieurs initiativespilotes, dont une visant à renforcer les organisations régionalesAfricaines. Nous pensons que des entités comme l’Union du MaghrebArabe (UMA), la Communauté des Etats Sahélo-Sahariens (CEN-SAD),le Marché Commun de l’Afrique de l’Est et de l’Afrique Australe (COMESA),la Coopération en Afrique Orientale (CAO), la Communauté Economiquedes États de l’Afrique Centrale (CEEAC), la Communauté Economiquedes Etats de l’Afrique de l’Ouest (CEDEAO), l’Autorité Intergouvernementalepour le Développement (IGAD), et la Communauté de Développement del’Afrique Australe (SADC) peuvent jouer un rôle essentiel dans l’améliorationdu climat économique et la garantie d’une sécurité collective – à conditionqu’elles soient ouvertes aux suggestions provenant des organisations dela société civile. Nous avons mené une étude, organisé des ateliers etavons établi des partenariats visant à réaliser cette vision.Démocratie et Société CivileTrustAfrica works to secure the conditions for democracy bystrengthening the capacity of civil society organizations.At TrustAfrica, we believe that an active citizenry is an essential part of aprospering, sustainable, and democratic society. Voting is typically themost visible way for people to engage in public life, but elections aloneare not sufficient. To hold public officials accountable, citizens needtimely access to information about the workings of government as wellas the freedom to come together to advocate on their own behalf.The state, in turn, has a duty to honor their concerns and act on themresponsibly. Yet in many parts of Africa, nominally democratic regimesexclude, marginalize, or diminish the role of various social and economicgroups. They engage citizens in ways that are largely symbolic, ratherthan allowing for the real and meaningful participation of autonomousand competent actors.The recent proliferation of civil society organizations in Africa holdsgreat promise for strengthening democracy, but these groups’ effortsfrequently fall short due to lack of coordination, duplication of efforts,competing agendas, perceptions of elitism, and insufficient transparency.The sector is also hampered by poor collaboration among groups workingat the national, regional, and continental levels; heavy reliance on northerndonors; and institutional weaknesses that make it difficult to recruit andretain skilled staff and to develop medium- and long-term programstrategies. Even more troubling is the recent spate of governmentefforts to proscribe the work of civil society groups through cynical andoppressive regulations.Democracy and Civil SocietyTiggy Ridley/IRINAllan Gichigi/IRINTrustAfrica believes that strengthening civilsociety organizations, like this grassrootsgroup in Guinea, can help Africans build stable,prosperous, and democratic societies.TrustAfrica estime que le renforcement desorganisations de la société civile, tel cegroupe local en Guinée, peut aider lesAfricains à construire des sociétés stables,prospères et démocratiques.GiacomoPirozzi/PanosPictures
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1110Nous préparons aussi le lancement d’ un centre de ressource pour lasociété civile à Addis-Abeba, en Ethiopie. Co-financé par le OpenSociety Institute, il est conçu pour fournir aux organisations de lasociété civile une assistance technique et un appui pour les voyages afinqu’ils puissent engager l’Union Africaine d’une façon plus efficace.Notre partenariat pour renforcer la société civile au Libéria, une joint-venture avec Humanity United, fournit le financement, l’assistancetechnique et des opportunités d’apprentissage mutuel afin que lesorganisations de la société civile au Libéria puissent devenir de plusefficaces plaideurs pour la démocratie et le développement.Notre initiative pour le pluralisme religieux cherche à renforcer le rôlede la religion dans la promotion du pluralisme, de la tolérance et dudialogue à travers l’Afrique. TrustAfrica est l’une des quelques sourcesd’appui indépendantes et laïques concernant le travail sur ces questionsen Afrique. Bien que le véritable dialogue inter-religieux soit rare, nousvoyons un réel potentiel pour l’avancement du développement et de ladémocratisation par un engagement avec des groupes religieux.Nous avons commencé à implanter un centre électronique pourl’échange de connaissances, d’expériences et de meilleures pratiquessur la gouvernance démocratique. Ce travail fait partie d’un effortconjoint impliquant le Open Society Institute, l’UNESCO, le CRDI,l’Institut Panos, et le CODESRIA.StrategiesTrustAfrica seeks to build the capacity of civil society organizations toadvocate for democratic governance and equitable development. Wesupport groups and coalitions working to:■ Monitor national policies on key issues—including freedom ofassociation, freedom of expression, free movement of people, andcivic participation in setting development priorities—and conductadvocacy campaigns aimed at securing and safeguarding the right toexercise these freedoms. We also back efforts to combat policiesthat fuel xenophobia and religious intolerance.■ Engage regional institutions to improve the application of democraticnorms and standards, such as the African Charter on Democracy,Elections, and Governance.■ Augment their advocacy skills and increase their access to policymakers. We provide financial support and technical assistance to helporganizations in countries with particularly fragile democracies, aswell as those in post-conflict countries, to attain requisite competencies.■ Improve their accountability and transparency and broaden theirconstituencies of support, in part by reaching out to Africa’s privatesector as a potential ally in strengthening democracy.ActivitiesOur civil society work encompasses several flagship initiatives, includingone aimed at strengthening African regional organizations. We believethat bodies like the AMU, CEN-SAD, COMESA, EAC, ECCAS, ECOWAS,IGAD, and SADC can play a vital role in improving the economic climateand ensuring collective security—provided they are open to input fromcivil society groups. We have conducted a study, convened workshops,and forged partnerships aimed at realizing this vision.We are also preparing to launch a civil society resource center in AddisAbaba, Ethiopia. Co-funded by the Open Society Institute, it is designedto provide civil society organizations with technical assistance and travelsupport so they can engage the African Union in a more effective manner.Our partnership to strengthen civil society in Liberia, a joint venture withHumanity United, provides funding, technical assistance, and peer-learningopportunities so that civil society organizations in Liberia can becomemore effective advocates for democracy and development.Our religious pluralism initiative seeks to strengthen the role of religionin promoting pluralism, tolerance, and dialogue across Africa. TrustAfricais one of the few independent, secular sources of support for work onthese issues in Africa. Although genuine interfaith dialogue is rare, wesee real potential to advance African development and democratizationby engaging with religious groups.AllanGichigi/IRINSiegfriedModola/IRINTop: Journalists lead a silent protest through the streets of Nairobi, Kenya,to call attention to a bill that would take away basic press freedoms.Des journalistes tenant une manifestation silencieuse dans les rues deNairobi, au Kenya, pour attirer l'attention sur un projet de loi qui saperaitles principes de base de la liberté de la presse.Bottom: TrustAfrica prioritizes support for dialogue, research, andadvocacy at the regional level—where exemplary governments and socialmovements can bring their influence to bear on countries in transition.TrustAfrica met la priorité sur l’appui pour le dialogue, la recherche et leplaidoyer au niveau régional – où des gouvernements et des mouvementssociaux exemplaires peuvent exercer leur influence sur les paysen transition.We have begun to develop an electronic clearinghouse for sharingknowledge, experiences, and best practices on democratic governance.This work is part of a collaborative effort involving the Open SocietyInstitute, UNESCO, IDRC, Panos, and CODESRIA.
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1312TrustAfrica soutient des initiatives en vue de promouvoirl’entreprise Africaine et d’étendre les bénéfices de lacroissance économique à tous les membres de la société.La vie et les moyens de subsistance des Africains sont façonnés dansune large mesure par la vitalité de son économie – comment faciliter auxtravailleurs l’accès à des emplois rentables et par lesquels ilss’épanouissent, comment les entreprises peuvent facilement lever lesobstacles bureaucratiques et trouver le capital nécessaire à leurcroissance et comment globalement la prospérité est partagée. Lesréformes au niveau national pourraient aller loin dans l’expansion de cesopportunités. Un investissement public plus significatif dans l’éducationet la formation, par exemple, pourrait développer une main-d’oeuvre plusproductive et innovatrice, tandis que des législations plus claires et desstructures légales plus cohérentes pourraient aider les petites etmoyennes entreprises à émerger. Des institutions régionales et despolitiques plus fortes qui reconnaissent l’importance du commerceinformel et transfrontalier pourraient aussi stimuler le développementéconomique de manière à réduire la pauvreté.Le rapport de l’Afrique à l’économie mondiale présente aussi de sérieuxdéfis, comme le prouve son manque d’influence au sein de l’OrganisationMondiale du Commerce. Bien que le continent abrite 13 pour cent de lapopulation mondiale, il a à son actif moins de deux pour cent ducommerce mondial et moins d’un pour cent des investissementsmondiaux. Ces disparités reflètent non seulement la faiblesse deplusieurs de nos économies nationales, mais aussi de sévères inégalitéset des rapports d’exploitation intrinsèques à l’économie mondiale. Lastimulation de l’entreprise et de l’entreprenariat africains peut aider lecontinent à surmonter sa grande dépendance par rapport auxentreprises installées outre-mer.Le consensus grandissant sur le fait que le continent a besoin"d’échange, et non d’aide" indique la voie à suivre. Déjà, l’économie debeaucoup de nations Africaines se développe à vive allure et lesinvestisseurs commencent à voir le potentiel de leurs marchés boursierset financiers. Quoique la création de nouvelles richesses soit un besoincritique, cela doit être fait de manière durable et équitable – de façon àréduire au minimum les impacts environnementaux et à étendre lesbénéfices du développement à tous les membres de la société.L’atteinte des Objectifs du Millénaire pour le Développement et laréalisation d’une prospérité largement partagée nécessitera aussi desEtats qu’ils donnent la priorité à des secteurs tels que l’éducation et lasanté, comme l’ont recommandé les initiatives de la société civile tellesque la Campagne “15 % Maintenant!”.StratégiesTrustAfrica apporte son appui à la recherche, à l’analyse et au plaidoyerpour :■ Identifier et atténuer les freins aux investissements publics et auxpolitiques produisant des bénéfices durables et équitables.■ Documenter et vulgariser les meilleures pratiques dans la promotionde l’investissement et le développement du secteur privé à traversl’Afrique.■ Harmoniser les politiques nationales en vue de stimuler le commercerégional et l’investissement.ActivitésUne de nos principales initiatives dans ce secteur vise à développer unclimat plus favorable à l’investissement et un environnement plus fertilepour les affaires en Afrique à travers la recherche et la défense desdroits. En partenariat avec le Centre de Recherches pour leDéveloppement International (CRDI) et la Fondation pour l’Entreprise etle Développement Durable (FSED), nous accordons sur compétition desbourses de recherche, menons des ateliers de formation et développonsdes partenariats entre les écoles de commerce et les organisations dusecteur privé afin de contribuer à un climat d’investissement et à unenvironnement des affaires durables et équitables en Afrique. Leschercheurs que nous soutenons dans le cadre de cette initiativenommée Fonds de Recherche sur le Climat d’Investissement etl’Environnement des Affaires (CIEA), analysent des questions telles queles législations et réformes dans les passations de marchés; lesinvestissements et la gestion des entreprises; les chaînesd’approvisionnement et le secteur informel; les partenariats entre lesDéveloppement ÉquitableTrustAfrica supports initiatives to foster African enterpriseand extend the benefits of economic growth to all membersof society.The lives and livelihoods of Africa’s people are shaped to a great extentby the vitality of its economy—how easily workers can find gainful andfulfilling employment, how readily businesses can clear bureaucratichurdles and find capital to grow, and how broadly prosperity is shared.Reforms at the national level could go a long way in expanding theseopportunities. Greater public investment in education and training, forexample, could cultivate a more productive and innovative workforce,while clearer regulations and more coherent legal frameworks couldhelp small and medium-sized enterprises get off the ground. Strongerregional institutions and policies that recognize the significance ofinformal and cross-border trade could also spur economic developmentin ways that alleviate poverty.Africa’s relationship to the global economy alsopresents acute challenges, as evidenced by itslack of influence within the World TradeOrganization. Although the continent is home to13 percent of the world’s population, it commandsless than two percent of world trade and lessthan one percent of global investment. TheseEquitable Developmentdisparities reflect not only the small scale of many of our nationaleconomies, but also severe inequalities and exploitative relationshipsembedded in the global economy. Fostering African enterprise andentrepreneurship can help the continent overcome its heavy reliance onbusinesses rooted overseas.The mounting consensus that the continent needs “trade, not aid” pointsthe way forward. Already many African nations are growing theireconomies at a rapid pace, and investors are beginning to see the promisetheir stock exchanges and capital markets hold. While creating newwealth is critical, it must be done sustainably and equitably—in waysthat minimize environmental impacts and extend the benefits ofdevelopment to all members of society. Realizing the MillenniumDevelopment Goals and achieving broadly shared prosperity will alsorequire governments to prioritize such areas as education and health, asrecommended by civil society initiatives like the “15% Now!” Campaign.TrustAfrica believes the growth of small andmedium-sized enterprises, such as this icecream vendor in Tanzania, will drive economicgrowth and prosperity in Africa.TrustAfrica estime que la croissance despetites et moyennes entreprises, comme cevendeur de crème glacée en Tanzanie, sera lemoteur de la croissance économique et laprospérité en Afrique.AmiVitale/PanosPicturesTiggy Ridley/IRINTugela Ridley/IRINChristopher Reardon
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15secteurs public et privé; les marchés financiers et les investissementsétrangers directs; l’énergie et la pauvreté en zones rurales; ainsi que lacréation et la croissance d’entreprises de jeunes et de femmes. Pour uneliste des gagnants, voir page 36.Nous apportons aussi un appui financier et une assistance techniqueaux organisations de la société civile qui plaident pour des politiques dedéveloppement équitables, des réformes économiques qui améliorentla sécurité humaine et des termes plus favorables pour le commerceinternational et mondial. Un de nos bénéficiaires est en train de menerune recherche et un plaidoyer sur la Communauté de l’Afrique de l’Est.Cette étude porte sur l’économie politique des fédérations. Un autretravaille sur le renforcement des capacités des organisations de lasociété civile afin d’engager les médias sur les questions d’intégrationafricaine liées au débat sur les Accords de Partenariats Économiquesproposés avec l’Union Européenne.TrustAfrica a aussi soutenu un réseau de six principaux établissementsen Afrique du Sud, au Ghana, au Kenya, en Ethiopie et en Egypte quimènent la recherche et le plaidoyer nécessaire pour aligner les politiqueséconomiques à travers leurs différentes sous-régions – en mettantl’accent sur un commerce équitable, des investissements sous-régionaux, et une libre circulation de simples citoyens. Ce réseau permetaux grands et petits pays (comme le Sénégal et la Gambie, ou l’Afriquedu Sud et le Lesotho) d’aligner leur commerce et investissementstransfrontaliers et de coordonner judicieusement leurs réponses auxtendances du commerce et des investissements mondiaux.Dans un effort d’aider les pays Africains à stopper les coûts sanitaireset sociaux du VIH/SIDA et à reconstruire leurs économies, nous sommesen train d’élaborer une initiative destinée à renforcer l’engagement del’Afrique auprès des institutions mondiales engagées dans la lutte contrele VIH/SIDA et par la même occasion, stimuler une réponse continentaleà l’épidémie. Ce travail démontre que, bien que l’Afrique soit la région laplus affectée du monde, elle est aussi celle qui a le moins d’influence dansle développement et la mise en oeuvre des politiques et des décisionsvisant à contrôler le VIH/SIDA.14StrategiesTrustAfrica supports research, analysis, and advocacy to:■ Identify and mitigate barriers to public investments and policies thatproduce sustainable and equitable benefits.■ Document and disseminate best practices in investment promotionand private-sector development across Africa.■ Harmonize national policies to stimulate regional tradeand investment.ActivitiesOne of our core initiatives in this area aims to cultivate a more favorableinvestment climate and a more fertile business environment in Africathrough research and advocacy. In partnership with the InternationalDevelopment Research Center (IDRC) and the Foundation forSustainable Enterprise and Development (FSED), we award competitiveresearch grants, conduct training workshops, and forge partnershipsbetween business schools and private-sector organizations to contributeto a sustainable and equitable investment climate and businessenvironment in Africa. The researchers we support through thisinitiative, known as the Investment Climate and Business Environment(ICBE) Research Fund, are analyzing such issues as regulation andreform in procurement; investment and corporate governance; supplychains and the informal sector; public and private sector partnerships;capital markets and foreign direct investments; energy and poverty inrural areas; and the creation and growth of youth and womenenterprises. For a list of winners, see page 37.We also provide financial support and technical assistance to civil societyorganizations that advocate for equitable development policies, economicreforms that improve human security, and more favorable terms forinternational and global trade. One of our grantees is conductingresearch and advocacy on the East African Community, focusing on thepolitical economy of federation. Another is working to build the capacityof civil society groups to engage the media on issues of Africanintegration related to the debate on the proposed Economic PartnershipAgreements with the European Union.TrustAfrica has also supported a network of six leading institutions inSouth Africa, Ghana, Kenya, Ethiopia, and Egypt that are conducting theresearch and advocacy needed to align economic policies acrossregions—with an emphasis on fair trade, regional investment, and thefree movement of private citizens. This network enables countries largeand small (like Senegal and Gambia, or South Africa and Lesotho) to aligntheir cross-border trade and investment and judiciously coordinate theirresponses to global trade and investment trends.In an effort to help African countries to stem the health and social costsof HIV/AIDS and rebuild their economies, we are mounting an initiativeto strengthen African engagement with the global HIV/AIDSestablishment and thereby foster a continental response to theepidemic. This work recognizes that while Africa is the world’s hardest-hit region, it carries the least influence in the development andimplementation of policies and decisions to control HIV/AIDS.TrustAfrica supports smarter trade and investment policies, plus overdueregulatory reforms, that together will help unleash the continent’senterprising spirit.TrustAfrica soutient des politiques commerciales et d'investissement plusintelligentes, ainsi que des réformes de la réglementation tant attendues,qui, ensemble, vont contribuer à libérer l'esprit d'entreprise du continent.GeorgeOsodi/PanosPictures
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TrustAfrica veut mettre à profit les formes nouvelles ettraditionnelles de dons des Africains pour l’avancement de ladémocratie et du développement et pour réduire au minimumla dépendance vis-à-vis des bailleurs externes.La lutte épique de l’Afrique pour l’indépendance est l’une des réalisationshumaines les plus remarquables du siècle dernier. Cependant, l’accessionà la souveraineté formelle était juste un premier pas vers la réalisationde la paix, de la démocratie et du développement. Bien que le colonialismesoit mort, la dépendance continue vis-à-vis de l’argent provenant del’étranger affaiblit constamment la capacité des Africains à établir leurspropres priorités et politiques de développement. Les bailleurs étrangers,des institutions financières mondiales aux gouvernements nationaux enpassant par les fondations privées, exercent toujours un pouvoirconsidérable sur tout le continent. Les programmes d’ajustementstructurels menés par la Banque mondiale et le Fonds monétaireinternational, par exemple, établissent des conditions strictes pour lespays sollicitant de nouveaux prêts ou des taux d’intérêt moins élevés.Même les bailleurs les plus significatifs manifestent des formes subtileset involontaires d’influence sur les institutions étatiques et lesorganisations de la société civile qu’ils soutiennent.Cultiver le développement de ressources philanthropiques indigènespeut contribuer à réduire l’influence de ces bailleurs externes. L’Afriqueest déjà la terre d’une culture profondément enracinée de dons et desoutien mutuel, quoique cela fonctionne surtout aux niveaux familial etcommunautaire. Les efforts destinés à redynamiser ces traditions et àétendre leur portée, pourraient donner aux organisations de la sociétécivile une influence plus importante auprès des bailleurs d’outre-merainsi qu’aux Etats méfiants de chez nous. En même temps, la fortecroissance économique dans beaucoup de parties de l’Afrique crée denouvelles poches de richesse. Avec ces dernières est arrivée unenouvelle génération de philanthropes africains et un nouveau grouped’institutions philanthropiques formelles – telles que les entreprises, lesfondations privés et communautaires – qui peuvent jouer un rôleessentiel dans le soutien aux initiatives africaines pour une gouvernancedémocratique et un développement équitable.StratégiesTrustAfrica cherche à aligner les ressources philanthropiques externesavec les agendas de l’Afrique et aussi à développer les ressourcesindigènes qui soutiennent les propres priorités du continent pour ladémocratie et le développement. Nous accordons aussi des financementset une assistance technique pour :■ Renforcer et vulgariser les connaissances sur le rôle et le potentielde la philanthropie à travers la recherche, des publications etdes rencontres.■ Faciliter la collaboration entre les institutions philanthropiquesAfricaines pour l’avancement de la démocratisation et pour réduireau minimum la dépendance des organisations de la société civile parrapport aux bailleurs externes.ActivitésUn de nos principaux efforts dans ce secteur a été de développer unesérie de publications évaluant la situation de la philanthropie en Afrique.Prévu pour démarrer en début 2009, cet effort se penche sur lesfondements théoriques, philosophiques, culturels et historiques de cesecteur et explore leur rapport à la société civile, à l’Etat, auxorganisations régionales et aux Africains de la diaspora.Philanthropie AfricaineTrustAfrica leverages new and traditional forms of Africangiving to advance democracy and development and tominimize reliance on external donors.Africa’s epic struggle for independence is one of the most remarkablehuman achievements of the last century, but winning formal sovereigntywas only a first step toward achieving peace, democracy, and development.Although colonialism is dead, continued reliance on money from abroadconsistently weakens Africans’ ability to set their own priorities andpolicies for development. Foreign donors, from global financialinstitutions to national governments to private foundations, still wieldconsiderable power throughout the continent. Structural adjustmentprograms directed by the World Bank and the International MonetaryFund, for example, set strict conditions for countries seeking new loansor lower interest rates. Even the most well-meaning funders exert subtleand unintentional forms of influence over the state institutions and civilsociety groups they support.African PhilanthropyCultivating indigenous philanthropic resources can help offset theinfluence of these external donors. Africa is already home to a deep-rooted culture of giving and mutual support, though it operates mostlyat the family and community levels. Efforts to reenergize thesetraditions, and extend their reach, could give civil society organizationsgreater leverage with funders overseas as well as wary governmentshere at home. At the same time, strong economic growth in many partsof Africa is creating new pockets of wealth. With them has come a newgeneration of African philanthropists and a new set of formalphilanthropic institutions—including corporate, private, and communityfoundations—that can play a vital role in sustaining African initiativesfor democratic governance and equitable development.StrategiesTrustAfrica seeks to align external philanthropic resources with Africanagendas as well as to cultivate indigenous resources that support thecontinent’s own priorities for democracy and development. We provide1716TrustAfrica believes that Africans shouldwork together to leverage resources andshape the agenda for advancing democracyand development on the continent.TrustAfrica estime que les Africains doiventtravailler ensemble pour tirer profit desressources et définir l'agenda pour faireavancer la démocratie et le développementsur le continent.GiacomoPirozzi/PanosPicturesAnthony Morland/IRIN
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funding and technical assistance to:■ Build and disseminate knowledge about the role and potential ofphilanthropy through research, publications, and convenings.■ Facilitate collaboration among African philanthropic institutions toadvance democratization and to minimize the dependence of civilsociety organizations on external donors.ActivitiesOne of our first major efforts in this area has been to develop a publicationseries assessing TheStateofPhilanthropyinAfrica. Slated to debut inearly 2009, it reflects on theoretical and philosophical as well as historicaland cultural underpinnings of the field and explores its relation to civilsociety, the state, regional organizations, and Africans in the diaspora.We have also supported field research on community foundations andconvened workshops and conferences to facilitate the emergence of apan-African philanthropic network. Participants include the AfricanWomen’s Development Fund, Foundation for Civil Society, Kenya CommunityDevelopment Foundation, Mozambique Community DevelopmentFoundation, Southern Africa Trust, Uthungulu Community DevelopmentFoundation, and Youssou Ndour Foundation.Meanwhile, we have worked to leverage philanthropic resources forcreative expression and enhance the civic role of writers through a specialfund that supports the work of independent creative writers living onthe continent. This investment recognizes the vital role that poets andnovelists play in Africa by anticipating and reflecting the cultural, economic,and political forces that continuously shape and reshape our societies.19Nous avons aussi soutenu des travaux de recherches sur le terrainportant sur les fondations communautaires et nous avons organisé desateliers et des conférences pour faciliter l’émergence d’un réseauphilanthropique panafricain. Parmi les participants, nous pouvons citerle Fonds des Femmes Africaines pour le Développement, la Fondationde la Société Civile, la Fondation Kenyane pour le DéveloppementCommunautaire, la Fondation Mozambicaine pour le DéveloppementCommunautaire, le "Southern Africa Trust", la Fondation Uthungulu pourle Développement Communautaire et la Fondation Youssou Ndour.Entre-temps, nous avons travaillé pour augmenter les ressourcesphilanthropiques pour l’expression créatrice et pour développer le rôlecivique des auteurs à travers un fonds spécial qui soutient le travaild’auteurs créatifs indépendants vivant sur le continent. Cetinvestissement tient compte du rôle essentiel que les poètes et lesromanciers jouent en Afrique en prévoyant et en reflétant les forcesculturelles, économiques et politiques qui structurent et restructurentcontinuellement nos sociétés.18AllanGichigi/IRINWomen line up to be tested for HIV at a voluntary counseling center inKenya, where prevalence rates have declined in recent years.Les femmes font la queue pour le dépistage du VIH-SIDA devant uncentre d'assistance sociale au Kenya, où la prévalence du virus esten baisse.
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2120Le système d’attributions de subventions de TrustAfrica est fortementinfluencé par la contribution des Africains et de la diaspora. Avant desolliciter des propositions, nous rassemblons d’abord universitaires,activistes, professionnels des affaires, artistes, autorités publiques etautres chefs communautaires pour identifier les opportunités et lesbesoins pressants. Cette année, nous avons tenu deux importants atelierset co-sponsorisé deux autres rencontres avec des institutions partenaires.Atelier sur le Coût de la Non-Intégration en Afrique(18–20 juin 2007)Moins de deux semaines avant le soi-disant « Grand Débat » (le Sommetdes Chefs d’Etat et de Gouvernement de l’Union Africaine (UA) tenu àAccra, Ghana), TrustAfrica a tenu ses propres assises à Marrakech, auMaroc, en présence de diverses organisations et personnalités, parmilesquelles des intellectuels de premier plan, des chefs de file de lasociété civile, et des acteurs du développement.Etant donné la multiplicité des autres urgences régionales, l’atelier adonné lieu à de vives discussions sur la pertinence ou non, de discuter ducoût de la non-intégration de l’Afrique. Dans ses conclusions, l’atelier deTrustAfrica, à l’instar d’autres réunions récemment tenues par desorganisations de la société civile (OSC) à travers le continent, a retenuque les actions entreprises en Afrique en faveur de l’intégrationrégionale et d’un Gouvernement d’Union devraient faire l’objet deconsultations et être impulsées par les Africains eux-mêmes.Atelier sur Relever le Défi de la Religion et du Pluralisme en Afrique(10–12 juillet 2007)Ayant réuni 30 personnes parmi lesquelles des chefs religieux, deschercheurs et autres experts en provenance de 12 pays africains et de ladiaspora, l’atelier s’est fixé pour objectif d’étudier le rôle de la religion enAfrique, par rapport au pluralisme et à la tolérance. Les participantsétaient issus des communautés religieuses chrétienne, musulmane,Baha’i, hindouiste et des religions traditionnelles africaines.L’atelier s’inscrit dans le cadre d’une initiative de TrustAfrica sur laReligion et le Pluralisme qui vient en soutien aux efforts des chefsreligieux, des chercheurs et des praticiens africains pour la promotionde la tolérance et du pluralisme dans tout le continent. Les discussionsse sont déroulées dans le cadre de groupes de travail et ont porté surtrois axes principaux : (1) faire entendre la voix des croyants marginalisés;(2) promouvoir le dialogue interreligieux ; et (3) soutenir les efforts deschefs religieux pour renforcer la paix et l’inclusion sociale en Afrique.Atelier sur le Rôle de la Philanthropie en Afrique(4–9 fevrier 2008)En rapport avec notre initiative sur la Situation de la Philanthropie enAfrique, nous avons co-organisé une conférence sur “ l’Impact duFinancement : les Partenariats, Réseaux et Collaborations “ avec leGroupe Distinctif des Bailleurs Africains, qui tenait sa séance annuellede réflexion à Johannesburg, en Afrique du Sud. La conférence et laséance annuelle ont attiré plus de 100 participants et ont inclus desvisites de plusieurs sites, parmi lesquelles une aux organisationsphilanthropiques de Greater Rustenburg.Atelier sur Migration et Développement Economique en Afrique(17–19 mars 2008)La migration est, au niveau mondial, l’une des questions majeures du21ème siècle, avec de nos jours davantage de personnes en mouvementqu’à tout autre moment de l’histoire de l’humanité. Près de 192 millionsde personnes – ou trois pour cent de la population mondiale – viventhors de leur lieu de naissance. Considérant la tendance actuelle et lecontexte de la mondialisation, il y a un besoin d’analyser les relationsentre la migration internationale et le développement. Nous avons doncorganisé un atelier sur migration et développement économique enAfrique de concert avec l’Organisation Internationale des Migrations etl’Institut Africain de Développement Economique et de planification.Tenu à Dakar, la rencontre a rassemblé représentants de gouvernementset d’organisations régionales africains mais aussi des chercheurs etmembres de la société civile. Les participants ont réfléchi sur les moyensd’intégrer la migration dans les plans de développement national et lesdocuments de stratégies de réduction de la pauvreté qui abordent lesObjectifs du Millénaire pour le Développement. Ils ont aussi cherché àidentifier les outils et méthodologies appropriés pour développer desapproches nationales et régionales, à conscientiser davantage sur larelation entre la mobilité des populations et le changement climatique,et à trouver des moyens de renforcer la contribution des personnes dela diaspora africaine au développement de leurs communautés etpays d’origine.RencontresTrustAfrica’s grant making is shaped to an unprecedented degree bypeople around the continent and among the diaspora. Before invitingproposals, we first bring together scholars, activists, business professionals,artists, public officials, and other civic leaders to identify salient needsand opportunities. This year we convened two major workshops andcosponsored two additional gatherings with some of our partner institutions.Workshop on the Cost of Non-integration in Africa(June 18–20, 2007)Less than two weeks before the so-called Grand Debate—the AccraSummit of Heads of State and Government of the African Union (AU) inGhana—TrustAfrica organized a historic gathering of its own inMarrakech, Morocco, bringing together a diverse set of organizationsand individuals, including scholars, civil society leaders, anddevelopment practitioners.The workshop sparked a lively debate over whether it was appropriate,in the face of many other pressing regional issues, to be discussing thecost of non-integration in Africa. In line with other recent meetingsorganized by civil society organizations across the continent, participantsconcluded that continental processes intended to achieve regionalintegration and Union Government should be consultative and people-driven; and that free movement and African citizenship are essential inattaining a united Africa.Workshop on Meeting the Challenge of Religion and Pluralism inAfrica (July 10–12, 2007)The workshop brought together 30 religious leaders, scholars, and otherexperts from 12 African countries and the diaspora to explore the role ofreligion in Africa as it relates to issues of pluralism and tolerance. Theparticipants included members of Christian, Muslim, Bahá’í, Hindu, andindigenous African faith communities.The workshop was part of our Religion and Pluralism initiative, whichsupports efforts by African religious leaders, scholars, and practitionersto promote tolerance and pluralism throughout the continent.Discussions were organized mainly in small group sessions andaddressed three primary issues: (1) amplifying the voices of marginalizedbelievers; (2) promoting interfaith dialogue; and (3) assisting efforts byreligious leaders to build peace and social inclusion in Africa.Workshop on the Role of Philanthropy in Africa(February 4–9, 2008)In connection with our initiative on the State of Philanthropy in Africa,we co-hosted a conference on “Funding Impact: Partnerships, Networksand Collaborations” with the African Grantmakers’ Affinity Group,which was holding its annual retreat in Johannesburg, South Africa.The conference and retreat drew more than 100 participants andincluded several field visits, including one to community foundationsin Greater Rustenburg.Workshop on Migration and Economic Development in Africa(March 17–19, 2008)Migration is one of the defining global issues of the twenty-first century,with more people on the move than at any other point in human history.Some 192 million people, or roughly three percent of the world’spopulation, live outside their place of birth. Given the current directionand character of globalization, there is a need to address therelationships between international migration and development. Wetherefore convened a workshop on migration and economic developmentin Africa in concert with the International Organization for Migration andthe African Institute for Economic Development and Planning.Held in Dakar, the gathering brought together officials from Africangovernments and regional organizations as well as researchers,experts and members of civil society. Participants reflected on ways tointegrate migration in national development plans and PovertyReduction Strategy Papers that address the Millennium DevelopmentGoals. They also worked to identify tools and methodologies fordeveloping appropriate national and regional approaches; to heightenawareness of the relationship between population mobility and climatechange; and to find ways to reinforce the contribution of the people inthe African diaspora to the development of their communities andcountries of origin.WorkshopsManoocher Deghati/IRINJacob Silberberg
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As TrustAfrica entered its second year as an independent organization,we set out to strengthen and sustain our accounting systems andpractices. We remain steadfast in our belief that prudent and timelyadministration and management practices are essential for civil societyorganizations such as ours. We owe it to our funders, partners, andgrantees—and to the people of Africa, on whose behalf we work—todemonstrate the same level of openness and accountability we espouse.And in doing so, we can achieve better results in our programmatic work.We turned again this year to Racine, a member of Ernst & Young, toreview our ledgers as well as the procedures we use to track and reportour income and expenses. We are pleased to present a summary of ouraudited accounts in the pages that follow. A complete version is availableon our website at www.trustafrica.org/audit2008.Our financial position has grown considerably stronger this year, drivenlargely by our success in raising additional funds from private foundations.Although we awarded slightly fewer grants than in the previous fiscalyear, we brought together a greater number of African stakeholders forworkshops on timely issues, and we expect this to translate intocontinued dialogue and increased grant making in the year ahead.The unfolding global financial crisis notwithstanding, additionalpriorities will be to build an endowment and to increase our supportfrom individuals on the continent and throughout the diaspora. We thankall of you who have already contributed to these efforts, and lookforward to winning the support of many others in the coming months.Adhiambo OdagaTreasurer, Board of Trustees23Lorsque TrustAfrica a entamé sa seconde année comme organisationindépendante, nous avons décidé de renforcer et de soutenir lessystèmes et pratiques comptables. Nous restons fermes dans notreconviction que des pratiques de gestion prudentes et en tempsopportun sont essentielles pour des organisations de la société civilecomme la nôtre. Nous le devons à nos bailleurs de fonds, partenaires etbénéficiaires – et à la population de l’Afrique, au nom de laquelle noustravaillons – à faire preuve du même niveau d’ouverture et deresponsabilité que nous défendons. Et, ce faisant, nous pouvons obtenirde meilleurs résultats dans notre programme de travail.Nous nous sommes cette année encore tournés vers Racine, membre deErnst & Young, pour vérifier nos registres ainsi que les procédures quenous utilisons pour suivre et rendre compte de nos revenus et dépenses.Nous sommes heureux de vous présenter un résumé de notre audit descomptes dans les pages qui suivent. Une version complète estdisponible sur notre site web à : www.trustafrica.org/auditeur2008.Notre situation financière a connu une croissance nettement plus fortecette année, portée en grande partie par notre réussite dans lamobilisation de fonds supplémentaires auprès de fondations privées.Bien qu’ayant alloué un peu moins de subventions que dans l’exerciceprécédent, nous avons réuni un plus grand nombre de parties prenantesafricaines lors d’ateliers sur des sujets d’actualité, et nous nousattendons à ce que cela se traduise par un dialogue continu et uneaugmentation des subventions dans l’année à venir.Nonobstant la crise financière mondiale, nos priorités supplémentairesseront de mettre sur pied un fonds de dotation et d’accroître notresoutien provenant de particuliers vivant sur le continent et dansl’ensemble de la diaspora. Nous remercions tous ceux d’entre vous quiont déjà contribué à ces efforts, et nous espérons gagner le soutien debeaucoup d’autres dans les mois à venir.Adhiambo OdagaTrésorière, Conseil d’Administration22Informations financieres1 avril 2007 – 31 mars 2008Financial Information1 April 2007 – 31 March 2008
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We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient andappropriate to provide a basis of our audit opinion.OpinionIn our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all materialrespects, the financial position of TrustAfrica as of March 31, 2008, andthe results of its operations for the year then ended in accordance withthe accounting principles described in note 3.Makha SyPartner, Racine(Member of Ernst & Young)22, Rue Ramez BourgiBP 545Dakar/SenegalJune 30, 20082524To: Board of Trustees, TrustAfricaReport on the Financial StatementsWe have audited the accompanying financial statements of TrustAfrica,which comprise the balance sheet as of March 31, 2008, and the incomestatement for the year then ended, and a summary of significantaccounting policies and other explanatory notes.Management's responsibility for the Financial StatementsManagement is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation ofthese financial statements in accordance with the accounting principlesdescribed in note 3. This responsibility includes: designing, implementingand maintaining internal control relevant to the preparation and fairpresentation of financial statements that are free from materialmisstatement, whether due to fraud or error; selecting and applyingappropriate accounting policies; and making accounting estimates thatare reasonable in the circumstances.Auditor's responsibilityOur responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statementsbased on our audit. We conducted our audit in accordance withInternational Standards on Auditing. Those standards require that wecomply with ethical requirements and plan and perform the audit toobtain reasonable assurance whether the financial statements are freefrom material misstatement.An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence aboutthe amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. The proceduresselected depend on the auditor's judgment, including the assessment ofthe risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whetherdue to fraud or error. In making those risk assessments, the auditorconsiders internal control relevant to the entity's preparation and fairpresentation of the financial statements in order to design auditprocedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for thepurpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the entity'sinternal control. An audit also includes evaluating the appropriateness ofaccounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimatesmade by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation ofthe financial statements.A l’attention du Conseil d’Administration, TrustAfricaRapport sur les états financiersNous avons effectué l’audit des états financiers ci-joints de TrustAfricacomprenant le bilan au 31 mars 2008 et le compte de résultat, ainsi queles notes annexes.Responsabilité de la direction dans l’établissement et la présentationdes états financiersLa direction est responsable de l’établissement et de la présentationsincère de ces états financiers, conformément aux règles et méthodescomptables décrites dans la note 3. Cette responsabilité comprend : laconception, la mise en place et le suivi d'un contrôle interne relatif àl’établissement et la présentation sincère d’états financiers necomportant pas d’anomalies significatives, que celles-ci résultent defraudes ou d’erreurs ; le choix et l’application de méthodes comptablesappropriées, ainsi que la détermination d’estimations comptablesraisonnables au regard des circonstances.Responsabilité de l’auditeurNotre responsabilité est d’exprimer une opinion sur ces états financierssur la base de notre audit. Nous avons effectué notre audit selon lesnormes internationales d’audit. Ces normes requièrent de notre part denous conformer aux règles d’éthique et de planifier et de réaliser l’auditpour obtenir une assurance raisonnable que les états financiers necomportent pas d’anomalies significatives.Un audit implique la mise en oeuvre de procédures en vue de recueillirdes éléments probants concernant les montants et les informationsfournies dans les états financiers. Le choix des procédures relève dujugement de l’auditeur, de même que l’évaluation du risque que les étatsfinanciers contiennent des anomalies significatives, que celles-cirésultent de fraudes ou d’erreurs. En procédant à ces évaluations durisque, l’auditeur prend en compte le contrôle interne en vigueur dansl’entité relatif à l’établissement et la présentation sincère des étatsfinanciers afin de définir des procédures d’audit appropriées en lacirconstance, et non dans le but d’exprimer une opinion sur l’efficacité decelui-ci. Un audit comporte également l’appréciation du caractèreapproprié des méthodes comptables retenues et le caractèreraisonnable des estimations comptables faites par la direction, demême que l’appréciation de la présentation d’ensemble des étatsfinanciers.Nous estimons que les éléments probants recueillis sont suffisants etappropriés pour fonder notre opinion.OpinionA notre avis, les états financiers donnent une image fidèle de la situationfinancière de TrustAfrica au 31 mars 2008, ainsi que de ses résultatspour l’exercice clos à cette date, conformément aux règles et méthodescomptables décrites dans la note 3.Makha SyAssociéLe 30 juin 2008RacineMembre d’Ernst & Young22, Rue Ramez BourgiBP 545Dakar/SenegalRapport d’audit sur les etats financiersExercice clos le 31 mars 2008Independent Auditor’s ReportYear ended 31 March 2008
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2726ASSETSUSDUSD31 March 200831 March 2007Current assetsCash and cash equivalents7,323,2613,434,233Accounts receivable10,6001,302Prepaid expenses and other29,47034,468Other receivables1,3931,891Total current assets7,364,7243,471,894Non current assetsFixed assets201,763243,656Total assets7,556,4873,715,550LIABILITIES & EQUITYCurrent liabilitiesAccounts payable34,06337,472Accrued expenses26,2039,792Grants payable2,346,9532,144,500Total current liabilities2,407,2192,191,764EQUITYEquity1,523,786344,119Net income3,635,4831,179,667Total equity5,159,2691,523,786Total liabilities and equity7,566,4873,715,550Bilan Financier (résumé)1 avril 2007 – 31 mars 2008Balance Sheet (Summary)1 April 2007 – 31 March 2008AVOIRSUSDUSD31 mars 200831 mars 2007Avoirs actuelsLiquide et équivalents Liquide7 323 2613 434 233Débits10 6001 302Dépenses prépayées et autres29 47034 468Autres comptes clients1 3931 891Total avoirs actuels7 364 7243 471 894Avoirs non-actuelsImmobilisations fixes201 763243 656Total avoirs7 556 4873 715 550PASSIFS & FONDS PROPRESPassif actuelComptes exigible34 06337 472Charges constatées par régularisation26 2039 792Subvention exigible2 346 9532 144 500Total passif actuel2 407 2192 191 764FONDS PROPRESFonds propres1 523 786344 119Revenu Net3 635 4831 179 667Total fonds propres5 159 2691 523 786Total passifs et Equilibre de fonds7 566 4873 715 550
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2928Déclaration de RevenusIncome StatementINCOMEUSDUSD31 March 200831 March 2007Individual contributions8,09618,511Corporate and foundation grants6,550,0913,981,776Donated travel18,122–Investment income243,03576,666Total income6,819,3444,076,953EXPENSESGrants(1,671,186)(2,144,500)Workshops/technical assistance(328,336)(133,758)Salaries and other expenses(500,852)(146,720)Pension plan contributions11,640(11,640)Other employee benefits(66,226)(41,052)Payroll taxes(16,141)(29,678)Consultants & professional fees(266,794)(160,242)Workshops–(484)Payroll expenses(342)–Supplies(29,661)(17,932)Telecommunication(13,615)(6,707)Postage & delivery(9,943)(1,249)Occupancy expense(89,213)(69,497)Equipment & maintenance(15,222)(15,642)Printing & publications(27,154)(11,385)Travel(11,117)(17,640)Conference & meetings(62,505)(7,007)Depreciation & amortization(43,365)(21,191)Insurance general(6,132)(2,851)Membership dues(2,249)–Bank charges & fees(8,237)(13,392)Other expenses(23,211)(30)Staff recruitment and relocation(4,000)(44,689)Total expenses(3,183,861)(2,897,286)Excess of contribution3,635,4831,179,667TrustAfrica’s complete audited financial statement is available online at www.trustafrica.org/audit2008REVENUUSDUSD31 mars 200831 mars 2007Contributions individuelles8 09618 511Subventions des fondations et sociétés6 550 0913 981 776Voyages offerts18 122–Revenu d’investissement243 03576 666Revenu total6 819 3444 076 953DÉPENSESSubventions(1 671 186)(2 144 500)Séminaires/Assistance technique(328 336)(133 758)Salaires & autres dépenses(500 852)(146 720)Contributions plan de retraite11 640(11 640)Autres bénéfices pour employés(66 226)(41 052)Taxes Feuilles de paie(16 141)(29 678)Consultants & frais de professionnels(266 794)(160 242)Réunions–(484)Dépenses feuilles de paie(342)–Fournitures(29 661)(17 932)Télécommunications(13 615)(6 707)Affranchissements & livraisons(9 943)(1 249)Dépenses occupation(89 213)(69 497)Equipement & maintenance(15 222)(15 642)Impressions & publications(27 154)(11 385)Voyage(11 117)(17 640)Conférences & rencontres(62 505)(7 007)Depreciation & amortissement(43 365)(21 191)Assurance-général(6 132)(2 851)Cotisations adhésions(2 249)–Frais bancaires & coûts(8 237)(13 392)Autres dépenses(23 211)(30)Recrutement personnel et réinstallation(4 000)(44 689)Dépenses total(3 183 861)(2 897 286)Excédent de contribution3 635 4831 179 667L’ensemble des Etats Financiers audités de TrustAfrica est disponible à www.trustafrica.org/auditeur2008
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3130Contributions received between 1 April 2007 and31 March 2008US$100,000+Ford FoundationInternational Development Research CentreUS$25,000–US$99,999Oak FoundationOpen Society InstituteUS$1,000–US$24,999Mary E. McClymontUS$100–$US999Alexis B.A. AdandeG.F. Kojo ArthurTony BrobbeyAlice L. BrownDaria CaliguireValerie CarterElizabeth ColemanLaraine LippeLouise MoerenhoutRuth Ojiambo OchiengAdhiambo OdagaDavid Owusu-AnsahMark RandChristopher ReardonSean ReardonAnne Marie RhodesGerry SaloleRonald L. SlaughterStichting to Promote Women's World BankingMona YounisBahru ZewdeIn-kind ContributionsChristopher Reardon: US$9,575Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP: US$4,440Our lead funder is the Ford Foundation, but we have begun to diversifyour resources with grants from other institutional funders committedto strengthening African institutions that work on regional andsubregional issues.We have also begun to receive contributions from individual donors inAfrica and among the diaspora. Our goal is to inspire 10,000 individualsto contribute US$100 per year, showing that Africans are capable ofgenerating their own philanthropic resources. While ambitious, thiseffort is an essential way to ensure that TrustAfrica can be self-sustainingand that Africans will take ownership of its work.TrustAfrica is recognized in the United States as a 501(c)(3) tax-exemptorganization and in Mauritius as a Global Business Company (category2) with charitable status.Notre principal bailleurs est la Fondation Ford, mais nous avonscommencé à diversifier nos ressources avec des subventions venantd’autres bailleurs institutionnels qui sont engagés à renforcer lesinstitutions africaines qui travaillent sur des questions régionales etsous régionales.Nous avons aussi commencé à recevoir des contributions venant debailleurs individuels en Afrique et dans la diaspora. Notre objectif estd’inspirer 10 000 individus à contribuer 100 dollars US par an, montrantainsi que les Africains sont capables de générer leurs propres ressourcescaritatives. Tout en étant ambitieux, cet effort vise à montrer queTrustAfrica peut être autosuffisant et que les Africains s’approprientson action.TrustAfrica est reconnue aux États-Unis comme une organisationexonérée d’impôts 501(c) (3) et à Maurice comme une société mondiale(catégorie 2) ayant statut d’organisme de bienfaisance.Contributions recues entre le 1 avril 2007 et le 31 mars 2008100 000 $US +Fondation FordCentre de recherches pour le développement international25 000 $US – 99 999 $USFondation OakOpen Society Institute1 000 $US – 24 999 $USMary E. McClymont100 $US – 999 $USAlexis B.A. AdandeG.F. Kojo ArthurTony BrobbeyAlice L. BrownDaria CaliguireValerie CarterElizabeth ColemanLaraine LippeLouise MoerenhoutRuth Ojiambo OchiengAdhiambo OdagaDavid Owusu-AnsahMark RandChristopher ReardonSean ReardonAnne Marie RhodesGerry SaloleRonald L. SlaughterStichting to Promote Women's World BankingMona YounisBahru ZewdeContributions en natureChristopher Reardon : 9 575 $USMorgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP : 4 440 $USMobilisation de fondsFundraising
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3332Desmond Tutu Diversity TrustFlorida Hills, South AfricaUS$60,750Promote sensitivity to religious diversity in the delivery of health-careservices in South Africa.Groupement des Femmes d’Affaires du CamerounDouala, CameroonUS$75,000For research, technical assistance, and advocacy to strengthen the roleof women in informal cross-border trade in Central Africa.Institute for Democracy in South AfricaPretoria, South AfricaUS$100,000Conduct an inquiry into excessive levels of violence in post-conflictsocieties in Africa and seek answers to South Africa’s security concernsand challenges.Institute for Global DialogueMidrand, South AfricaUS$100,000For research and advocacy on the East African Community, focusing onthe political economy of political federation and the prospects for theintegrationist project.Institute for Security StudiesPretoria, South AfricaUS$64,500Pilot an African Human Security Dialogue and Research Forum in AddisAbaba, Ethiopia.Inter-Faith Action for Peace in AfricaNairobi, KenyaUS$75,300Establish a continental Inter-Faith Youth Secretariat in Addis Ababa,Ethiopia.Interfaith Peace-Building InitiativeAddis Ababa, EthiopiaUS$50,000Building PartnershipsTrustAfrica’s primary aim is to provide African organizations with theresources they need to address the continent’s most pressingchallenges. Our approach is unique in that we invite African thinkers—from civil society, academia, governments, regional organizations, andthe private sector—to shape our program agenda by recommendingways to address these issues. After weighing this advice, we requestfunding proposals from key organizations already working on the issuesat hand. Our major grants for collaborative projects, which range fromUS$25,000 to more than US$500,000, typically combine multiplestrategies (like research, advocacy, dialogue, or creativity) and connectinstitutions from different countries and regions. Following ourworkshops on the cost of non-integration in Africa and on meeting thechallenges of religion and pluralism in Africa, we made grants to thefollowing institutions:Africa Institute of South AfricaPretoria, South AfricaUS$50,000Promote dialogue among civil society organizations in Southern Africanaimed at advancing a regional solution to the crisis in Zimbabwe.African MonitorCape Town, South AfricaUS$85,000Promote grassroots participation in efforts to monitor development andshape the development agenda.Cercle International pour la Promotion de la Creation (CIPCRE)Bafoussam, CameroonUS$33,500Advocate measures to combat the practice of widowhood rites andpromote widows’ reintegration as social development agents inCameroon.Chipua – Institute for Social TransformationDar es Salaam, TanzaniaUS$28,180Empower young women and build capacity to promote socialdevelopment through gender equality.Partenariats de financementL'objectif premier de TrustAfrica est de fournir aux organisationsafricaines les ressources nécessaires pour faire face aux problèmes lesplus urgents du continent. Notre approche est unique en ce sens quenous invitons les penseurs africains – de la société civile, des universités,des gouvernements, des organisations régionales et du secteur privé – àaider à formuler l’agenda de notre programme en recommandant lesvoies et moyens d’aborder ces questions. Après avoir évalué ces conseils,nous sollicitons des propositions de financement auprès des principalesorganisations travaillant déjà sur ces questions. Nos principalessubventions de projets communs, allant de 25 000 $US à plus de 500000 $US, combinent souvent des stratégies multiples (telles que larecherche, le plaidoyer, le dialogue ou la créativité) et mettent en relationdes institutions de différents pays et régions. Suite à notre atelier surle coût de la non-intégration en Afrique et sur les défis de la religion etdu pluralisme en Afrique, nous avons fait des subventions auxinstitutions suivantes:Africa Institute of South AfricaPretoria, Afrique du Sud50 000 $USPromouvoir le dialogue entre les organisations de la société civilesud-africaine dans le but d’apporter une solution régionale à la criseau Zimbabwe.African MonitorCape Town, Afrique du Sud85 000 $USPromouvoir la participation populaire aux efforts de monitoring dudéveloppement et de formulation de l’agenda de développement.Cercle International pour la Promotion de la Création (CIPCRE)Bafoussam, Cameroun33 500 $USPréconiser des mesures de plaidoyer pour combattre la pratique desrites dégradants pour les femmes relatifs au veuvage et promouvoir uneréintégration sociale des veuves comme agents de développementau Cameroun.Chipua – Institute for Social TransformationDar es Salaam, Tanzanie28 180 $USResponsabiliser de jeunes femmes et renforcer leurs capacités dans lebut de promouvoir le développement social par l’égalité genre.Desmond Tutu Diversity TrustFlorida Hills, Afrique du Sud60 750 $USPromouvoir la sensibilité par rapport à la diversité religieuse dans lafourniture de services de soins de santé en Afrique du Sud.Groupement des Femmes d’Affaires du CamerounDouala, Cameroun75 000 $USPour la recherche, l’assistance technique et le plaidoyer pour renforcerle rôle des femmes dans le commerce informel transfrontalier enAfrique Centrale.Institute for Democracy in South AfricaPretoria, Afrique du Sud100 000 $USMener une enquête sur les niveaux excessifs de violence dans lessociétés en situation d’après guerre et chercher des réponses auxpréoccupations et défis de la sécurité de l’Afrique du Sud.Institute for Global DialogueMidrand, Afrique du Sud100 000 $USPour la recherche et le plaidoyer sur la Communauté de l’Afrique de l’Est,portant sur l’économie politique de la fédération politique et lesperspectives pour le projet intégrationniste.Institute for Security StudiesPretoria, Afrique du Sud64 500 $USPiloter un dialogue sur la sécurité humaine en Afrique et un forum derecherche à Addis-Abeba, l'Éthiopie.SubventionsGrants
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Promote youth leadership in interfaith peace building in Ethiopia,Eritrea, and Somalia.Kachifo LimitedLagos, NigeriaUS$75,500Strengthen African creative writing through collaboration.Mouvement CitoyenDakar, SenegalUS$54,566Conduct collaborative research on the impact of religion on peace anddemocracy in Senegal.Observatory for Cultural Practices in AfricaMaputo, MozambiqueUS$60,000Conduct research and outreach on cultural policies and regionalintegration in Africa.Programme for Christian-Muslim Relations in Africa (PROCMURA)Nairobi, KenyaUS$70,100Explore ways to invoke religious traditions and values to help preventconflict, build peace, and promote reconciliation in Eastern Africa.Sauvegarde et Valorisation des Manuscrits pour la Défense de laCulture Islamique (SAVAMA)Timbuktu, MaliUS$100,000For research and advocacy on the history of religious pluralism,tolerance, and peaceful coexistence in Africa.Third World NetworkAccra, GhanaUS$50,000Build the capacity of civil society organizations to engage the media onissues of African integration in preparation for the debate on theproposed Economic Partnership Agreements with the European Union.West African Civil Society ForumAbuja, NigeriaUS$75,360For consultation and advocacy to promote the free movement of peopleand goods in West Africa.Wits FoundationJohannesburg, South AfricaUS$50,000Foster intellectual and cultural exchange among African writers, artists,and graduate students in creative and literary studies at the Universityof the Witwatersrand’s Faculty of Humanities.Strengthening InstitutionsTrustAfrica also awards small grants for capacity building to helpAfrican organizations develop the institutional skills necessary to dotheir work effectively. Usually in the range of US$5,000 to US$10,000,this support is aimed at fostering sound management, transparentgovernance, fruitful collaboration, effective communication, andsustainable results. It may be used, for example, to pay for staffexchanges, consultant’s fees, study tours, board training, thepreparation of videos and other communications tools, and theestablishment of specific management systems.Fahamu – Networks for Social JusticeOxford, UKUS$10,000Train young journalists and report on the African Union Summit held inAddis Ababa in January 2008 in the AU Monitor Daily.Forum CivilDakar, SenegalUS$4,000Enable staff of this civil society organization, which works ongovernance issues in Senegal, to attend Transparency International’sGeneral Assembly, held from October 25–29, 2007, in Bali, Indonesia.National Accountability GroupFreetown, Sierra LeoneUS$10,000For technical assistance to build institutional capacity.Rencontre Africaine pour la Défense des Droits de l’HommeDakar, SenegalUS$10,000For technical assistance to support institutional strengthening andorganizational development.St. Thomas University, Inc.Miami Gardens, Florida, USAUS$10,000For an Ethiopian human rights defender, Judge Frehiywot, to pursue anL.L.M. at St. Thomas University in Florida.Rencontre Africaine pour la Défense des Droits de l’HommeDakar, SenegalUS$10,000Institutional strengthening and organizational development.Southern Africa TrustMidrand, South AfricaUS$10,000Facilitate a consultative dialogue between the Pan-African Parliamentand African civil society organizations in Midrand, South Africa.35Inter-Faith Action for Peace in AfricaNairobi, Kenya75 300 $USCréer un Secrétariat inter-religieux de jeunes au niveau continental.Interfaith Peace-Building InitiativeAddis-Abeba, l'Éthiopie50 000 $USPromouvoir un leadership jeune dans la construction de la paix entre lesreligions en Ethiopie, en Erythrée et en Somalie.Kachifo LimitedLagos, Nigeria75 500 $USRenforcer la créativité des écrivains africains à travers la collaboration.Mouvement CitoyenDakar, Sénégal54 566 $USMener une recherche collaborative sur l’impact de la religion sur la paixet le développement au Sénégal.Observatory for Cultural Practices in AfricaMaputo, Mozambique60 000 $USMener la recherche et la dissémination sur les politiques culturelles etl’intégration régionale en Afrique.Programme for Christian-Muslim Relations in Africa (PROCMURA)Nairobi, Kenya70 100 $USExplorer les voies par lesquelles on pourrait recourir aux traditions etvaleurs religieuses pour aider à empêcher les conflits, construire la paixet promouvoir la réconciliation en Afrique de l’Est.Sauvegarde et Valorisation des Manuscrits pour la Défense de laCulture Islamique (SAVAMA)Tombouctu, Mali100 000 $USPour la recherche et le plaidoyer sur l’histoire du pluralisme, de latolérance religieuse et de la coexistence pacifique en Afrique.Third World NetworkAccra, Ghana50 000 $USRenforcer les capacités des organisations de la société civile à engagerles médias dans des questions d’intégration africaine en préparation audébat sur les Accords de Partenariat Economiques proposés par l’UnionEuropéenne.West African Civil Society ForumAbuja, Nigeria75 360 $USPour la consultance et le plaidoyer dans le but de promouvoir la librecirculation des personnes et des biens en Afrique de l’Ouest.Wits FoundationJohannesburg, Afrique du Sud50 000 $USRenforcer les échanges intellectuels et culturels entre écrivainsafricains et former des étudiants diplômés en études littéraires à laFaculté de lettres et Sciences Humaines de l’Université deWitwatersrand.Renforcement des institutionsTrustAfrica apporte également aux organisations africaines uneassistance technique pour les aider à développer les capacitésinstitutionnelles leur permettant d’exercer efficacement leurs activités.Les petites subventions de renforcement des capacités variant engénéral de 5 000 $US à 10 000 $US, visent à encourager une gestionsaine, une gouvernance transparente, une collaboration fructueuse, unecommunication efficace et des résultats durables. Elles peuvent êtreutilisées par exemple pour financer les échanges de personnel, leshonoraires des consultants, les voyages d’études, la formation desmembres du conseil, la préparation de films vidéo et d’autres outils decommunication, et la mise en place de systèmes de gestion spécifiques.Fahamu – Networks for Social JusticeOxford, UK10 000 $USFormer de jeunes journalistes à la couverture médiatique des sommetsde l’Union Africaine (UA), couverture du sommet de l’UA tenu à AddisAbeba en Janvier 2008 et publication d’un bulletin quotidien, le AU DailyMonitor, durant le pré-sommet et le sommet.Forum CivilDakar, Sénégal4 000 $USPermettre au personnel de cette organisation de la société civile quitravaille sur les questions de gouvernance au Sénégal, de participer à laréunion annuelle des membres de Transparency International du 25 au29 Octobre 2007 à Bali en Indonésie.National Accountability GroupFreetown, Sierra Leone10 000 $USPour une assistance technique en renforcement des capacitésinstitutionnelles.34
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Fostering Private-Sector DevelopmentOur Investment Climate and Business Environment Research Fundsupports scholarly analysis of factors that shape private-sectordevelopment in Africa. This year the ICBE Research Fund held its secondround of funding, drawing 70 proposals from 16 African countries tostudy finance, public services (such as education and infrastructure),agriculture, trade, energy, and telecommunications. Some proposalsalso addressed cross-sector domains including governance,entrepreneurship, law reform, and alternative dispute resolution.After weighing input from peer reviewers and a pan-African jury, theFund awarded 14 small research grants of up to roughly US$10,000 each,8 intermediate research grants of up to roughly US$50,000 each, and 3large research grants of up to US$100,000 each. The large research grantscategory is a new addition from last year’s competition and targetscross-border initiatives and regional economies. Here are the five winnerswhose awards were finalized during the fiscal year ending March 31, 2008.(The remaining awards will appear in next year’s annual report.)Centre Africain d’Etudes Superieurs en Gestion (CESAG)Dakar, Senegal$100,000For a research project by Boubacar Baidari entitled “The challenges ofimproving governance in universities and institutions of higher learningwith a view of improving the business climate in the West AfricanEconomic and Monetary Union (WAEMU).”Centre International de Médiation et d'Arbitrage à TangerTangiers, MoroccoUS$48,000For a research project by Mohammed Bakkali entitled “An assessment ofalternative commercial dispute resolution options and their impact onthe business environment in Morocco.”Kwame Nkrumah University for Science and TechnologyKumasi, GhanaUS$45,430For a research project by Ahmad Addo entitled “Technical and economicfeasibility studies for biofuels—Small and medium enterprise (SME)development in Ghana.”l’Université Catholique d’Afrique CentraleYaoundé, CameroonUS$100,000For a research project by Sylvain Kuate entitled “Taking stock of theOrganization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa (OHADA).”University of Dar es Salaam (Faculty of Commerce and Management)Dar es Salaam, TanzaniaUS$100,000For a research project by Lettice Rutoshobya entitled “Foreign directinvestments and enhancement of economic capacity of small andmedium enterprises in developing economies: A case study of Tanzaniaand Botswana.”37Rencontre Africaine pour la Défense des Droits de l’HommeDakar, Sénégal10 000 $USUne assistance technique en vue d’un renforcement institutionnel et d’undéveloppement organisationnel.St. Thomas University, Inc.Miami Gardens, Florida, États-Unis10 000 $USPour un défenseur éthiopien des droits humains, le juge Frehiywot, pourqu’il puisse poursuivre un L LM à l’Université St Thomas en Floride.Southern Africa TrustMidrand, Afrique du Sud10 000 $USFaciliter un dialogue consultatif entre le Parlement Pan-Africain et lesorganisations de la société civile à Midrand, en Afrique du Sud.Renforcer le Secteur Privé en AfriqueNotre Fonds de Recherche pour le Climat des Investissements etl’Environnement des Affaires (CIEA) appuie les analyses académiquesdes facteurs qui déterminent le développement du secteur privé enAfrique. Cette année, le fonds de recherche du CIEA a tenu sa secondemanche de financement, drainant 70 demandes de financement enprovenance de 16 pays africains. Les différentes propositions portentsur l’étude de la finance, des services publics (telles que l’éducation etles infrastructures), l’agriculture, le commerce, l’énergie et lestélécommunications. Certaines propositions sont aussi axées sur dessecteurs croisés incluant la gouvernance, l’entreprenariat, la réformedes lois les alternatives à la résolution des disputes.Après analyse des contributions des critiques et d’un jury pan africain, leFonds a alloué 14 petits financements pour la recherche allant jusqu’àprès de 10,000 $US chacun, 8 financements intermédiaires pour larecherche allant jusqu’à près de 50,000 $US chacun, et 3 grandsfinancements pour la recherche allant jusqu’à 100,000 $US chacun.En comparaison avec la compétition de l’année dernière, les grandsfinancements pour la recherche est une nouvelle catégorie qui cible lesinitiatives à–cheval entre plusieurs frontières et les économies régionales.Voici les cinq gagnants dont les financements ont été finalisés durantl’année fiscale qui s’est terminée le 31 mars 2008. (Les autres financementsvont apparaître dans le rapport annuel de l’année prochaine).Centre Africain d’Etudes Supérieurs en Gestion (CESAG)Dakar, Sénégal100 000 $USPour un projet de recherche par Boubacar Baidari axé sur « Les enjeuxd’une meilleure gouvernance des universités et institutions universitairesen vue de l’amélioration du climat des affaires en zone UEMOA ».Centre International de Médiation et d'Arbitrage à TangerTanger, Maroc48 000 $USPour un projet de recherche par Mohamed Bakkali axé sur « UneEvaluation des Options de Résolution Alternative du Litige commercialet leur Impact sur l’Environnement des Affaires au Maroc ».Kwame Nkrumah University for Science and TechnologyKumasi, Ghana45 430 $USPour un projet de recherche par Ahmad Addo axé sur « Etudes deFaisabilité Technique et Economique pour les Biocarburants – pour laCréation de Petites et Moyennes Entreprises (PME) au Ghana ».l’Université Catholique d’Afrique CentraleYaoundé, Cameroun100 000 $USPour un projet de recherche par Sylvain Kuate axé sur « Les GrandesDécisions de la Cour Commune de Justice et d’Arbitrage de l’OHADA ».University of Dar es Salaam (Faculty of Commerce and Management)Dar es Salaam, Tanzanie100 000 $USPour un projet de recherche par Lettice Rutoshobya axé sur « LesInvestissements Directs Etrangers et le Renforcement des Petites etMoyennes Entreprises dans les Economies en Développement :une Etude de Cas de la Tanzanie et du Botswana ».36
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39Since our work focuses on helping Africans set our own priorities andcraft our own solutions, we believe the composition of our board andstaff should reflect this aim. Accordingly, TrustAfrica is governed andled entirely by Africans with extensive experience in philanthropy anddevelopment as well as an unwavering commitment to good governance.We plan to recruit additional trustees in the coming year to round outthe existing board’s manifest strengths. In particular, we will seekcandidates from Central and North Africa with expertise in gender, theprivate sector, and African philanthropy.Board of Trustees(As of 31 March 2008)Fouad Abdelmoumni (Morocco)Mr. Abdelmoumni is executive director of AlAmana, a Morocco-based microcreditassociation with a portfolio of 200,000 loansworth US$55 million. He also chairs theSANABEL network of microfinanceinstitutions in Arab countries and serves onthe board of Women’s World Banking and theAfriMAP Advisory Committee. His pastleadership positions have included seats onthe advisory board of the Consultative Group to Assist the Poor and theAdvisors Group for the U.N. Year of Microcredit 2005, vice-presidency ofthe Moroccan Association for Human Rights, and vice-secretary of theEspace Associatif for the promotion of civil society. He holds a degree ineconomics of development from the University Mohammed V in Rabatand an M.B.A. equivalent from ISCAE (Institut Supérieur de Commerceet d’Administration des Entreprises) in Casablanca. He is a former victimof political repression, having been detained from 1977 to 1980 anddisappeared from 1983 to 1984.Dans la mesure où notre travail consiste à aider les africains à définirleurs propres priorités et trouver leurs propres solutions, nous estimonsque la composition de notre conseil d’administration et de notre équipedevrait refléter cet objectif. Aussi, TrustAfrica est-il géré et dirigéentièrement par des Africains ayant une solide expérience en philanthropieet en développement, et totalement dévoués à la bonne gouvernance.Nous comptons recruter des administrateurs supplémentaires durantl’année à venir pour compléter la force manifeste de l’actuel Conseild’administration. Nous chercherons, particulièrement des candidates del’Afrique Centrale et du Nord avec une expertise en genre, secteur privé etphilanthropie africaine.Conseil d’administration(A la date du 31 mars 2008)Fouad Abdelmoumni (Maroc)M. Abdelmoumni est le Directeur exécutif d’Al Amana, Association demicro crédit basée au Maroc avec un portefeuille de 200 000 prêts d’unmontant de 55 millions de dollars US. Il est actuellement le président duréseau SANABEL des institutions de micro financement des pays arabeset membre de l’organisation mondiale WWB (Banque mondiale desfemmes) et du Comité consultatif d’AfriMAP. Parmi les postes dedirection qu’il a occupés, signalons : Membre du Conseil consultatif duGroupe consultatif d’assistance aux pauvres et du Groupe de Conseillerspour l’Année 2005 du Micro crédit des Nations Unies, Vice-président del’Association marocaine des droits de l’homme et Secrétaire adjoint del’Espace Associatif pour la promotion de la société civile. Il est titulaired’un diplôme en économie du développement de l’Université MohammedV de Rabat et d’un diplôme équivalent au MBA de l’ISCAE (InstitutSupérieur de Commerce et d’Administration des Entreprises) à Casablanca.Il est une ancienne victime de la répression politique, ayant été détenude 1977 à 1980 et porté disparu de 1983 à 1984.Akwasi Aidoo (Ghana)Dr. Aidoo, Directeur exécutif de TrustAfrica, est doté d’une grandeexpérience dans la philanthropie en Afrique. Parmi les postes qu’il aoccupés, on peut citer : Administrateur de programme au CRDI chargéde la santé et du développement en Afrique de l’Ouest et du Centre etChef des bureaux de la Fondation Ford au Sénégal et au Nigeria de 1993à 2001. Il est membre de plusieurs conseils d’administrationd’organisations à but non lucratif, parmi lesquelles Oxfam America, leCentre de Prévention du crime d’Afrique du Sud, l’initiative AfriMAP de lafondation Soros, et le Global Network Committee de l’Institut Ash, àl’Université Harvard. Il est également Président du comité exécutif deAfrica Grantmakers’ Affinity Group. Dr Aidoo a enseigné dans desuniversités au Ghana, en Tanzanie et aux États-Unis. Il a fait ses étudesau Ghana et aux États-Unis et a obtenu son doctorat (Ph.D.) en sociologieà l’Université de Connecticut en 1984. Il écrit des poèmes et des nouvellesdurant ses moments de loisir.Akwe Amosu (Nigeria)Mme. Amosu, Analyste principale des politiques pour l’Afrique à OpenSociety Institute à Washington, D.C., a plus de 20 ans d’expérience dansle développement, la gestion des médias ainsi que la négociationd’alliances stratégiques. Elle a auparavant été chef des communicationsà la Commission économique des Nations Unies pour l’Afrique (CEA) àAddis-Abeba, Rédactrice en chef de AllAfrica Global Media, et cadresupérieure au British Broadcasting Corporation où elle était chargéed’un programme phare du Service mondial et des programmes magazinesdu Service Afrique. Elle est membre du Conseil d’administration deInternational Women’s Media Foundation.Malusi Mpumlwana (Afrique du Sud)L’Evêque Mpumlwana dirige le Diocèse Nord de L’Eglise EpiscopaleEthiopienne, en plus de présider le Conseil d’Administration de l’AgenceNationale de Développement de l’Afrique du Sud. Il est aussi adjoint duprésident du Conseil Consultatif sur les Ordres Nationaux et siège auconseil du Projet des Ecoles Historiques, entre autres organisations etcorporations à but non lucratif. Il est actuellement Professeur Associé àSetsing sa Modisa, travaillant sur des plateformes de développementdes jeunes, de l’action sociale, et d’instruments pour la sécurité socialedes pauvres. Il a fait ses études au séminaire théologique fédéral et àl’université de Cape Town et a étroitement collaboré avec d’autresthéologiens en Afrique du Sud, en Afrique, au Moyen Orient et en AmériqueLatine. Jusqu’en août 2006, il travaillait comme Directeur de la FondationW.K. Kellogg pour la région Afrique, dirigeant sa programmation auBotswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Afrique du Sud, Swaziland,et Zimbabwe.Constituer notre équipeBuilding Our TeamAkwasi Aidoo (Ghana)Dr. Aidoo holds extensive experience inphilanthropy in Africa, having served asIDRC’s program officer for health anddevelopment West and Central Africa and ashead of the Ford Foundation’s offices inSenegal and Nigeria from 1993 to 2001. Hesits on the boards of several nonprofitorganizations, including Oxfam America, theCrime Prevention Centre of South Africa, theSoros Foundation’s AfriMAP initiative, and the Global NetworkCommittee of the Ash Institute at Harvard University. He also chairs theexecutive committee of the Africa Grantmakers’ Affinity Group. Dr.Aidoo has taught at universities in Ghana, Tanzania, and the UnitedStates. He was educated in Ghana and the United States and received aPh.D. in sociology from the University of Connecticut.Akwe Amosu (Nigeria)Ms. Amosu, a senior policy analyst for Africaat the Open Society Institute in Washington,D.C., has more than 20 years of experience inmedia development, management, production,and negotiating strategic alliances. She hasserved as head of communications at the UNEconomic Commission for Africa (ECA) inAddis Ababa, as executive editor of AllAfricaGlobal Media, and as a senior executive at theBritish Broadcasting Corporation, where she was responsible for aflagship World Service program and for Africa Service feature programs.She sits on the board of the International Women’s Media Foundation.Malusi Mpumlwana (South Africa)Bishop Mpumlwana heads the NorthernDiocese of the Ethiopian Episcopal Church inaddition to chairing the board of SouthAfrica’s National Development Agency. He isalso deputy chair of the President’s AdvisoryCouncil on National Orders and sits on theboard of the Historic Schools Project, amongother nonprofit organizations andcorporations. He is currently SeniorAssociate for Setsing sa Modisa, focusing onplatforms for youth development, social giving, and instruments forsocial security for the poor. He trained at the Federal TheologicalSeminary and the University of Cape Town and has worked closely withother theologians throughout Africa, the Middle East, and Latin America.Until August 2006, he served as the W.K. Kellogg Foundation’s Africa38Director, providing leadership for its programming in Botswana, Lesotho,Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Swaziland, and Zimbabwe.
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Adhiambo Odaga, Treasurer (Kenya)Dr. Odaga has been the Ford Foundation’srepresentative for West Africa since 2001,having previously served as a program officerfor environment and microfinance in WestAfrica. Before joining the foundation, sheworked on a project to strengthen the role ofthe World Bank in promoting femaleeducation in Africa and as the InternationalPotato Center’s Social Scientist for WestAfrica based in Cameroon. She holds a Ph.D. from St. Anthony’s Collegeat Oxford University, which she attended as Kenya’s first Rhodes Scholar.Gerry Salole, Chairperson (Ethiopia/Somalia)Dr. Salole is chief executive of the EuropeanFoundation Centre. He holds an M.A. ineconomics from the University of Manchesterand a Ph.D. in anthropology from theUniversity of Manchester. His previous postshave included serving as representative ofthe Ford Foundation’s Southern Africa office,based in Johannesburg, and director of theDepartment of Programme Documentationand Communication of the Bernard van Leer Foundation, based in TheHague. He has also worked for Save the Children Federation (USA) inEthiopia and Zimbabwe as well as for Redd Barna (Norwegian Save theChildren Federation), OXFAM, and UNHCR in his native Ethiopia. He haswritten extensively on both development work and issues of identity.Bahru Zewde (Ethiopia)Professor Zewde is an eminent historianwho now serves as emeritus professor ofhistory at Addis Ababa University. He is afounding member of the Forum for SocialStudies, whose board he chaired from 1998to 2004, and is active in the leadership ofseveral pan-African and subregionalassociations and research networks.He also authored the seminal text A Historyof Modern Ethiopia 1885–1991 and PioneersofChangein Ethiopia: TheReformist Intellectualsof the Early Twentieth Century. He holds a Ph.D.from the School of Oriental and African Studies at the Universityof London.Staff(As of 31 March 2008)Akwasi Aidoo, Executive Director (Ghana)See biography on page 39.Mildred Barya, Writer in Residence (Uganda)Ms. Barya joined us in August 2007 to write achronicle of TrustAfrica’s inception anddevelopment. As a writer, poet, andorganizational psychologist, she has workedin the book industry, broadcasting, and humanresources consulting with NGOs, private firmsand public institutions. She was previouslythe human resources advisor at Ernst &Young, Uganda. She studied at MakerereUniversity, Moi University, and the International Women’s University inHamburg. Ms. Barya recently spent nine months as a writer in residenceat the Per Sesh Writing Program in Popenguine, Senegal, where shecompleted her first novel, What WasLeft Behind. She is now takinglessons in Egyptian writing and language.Emmanuel Buringuriza, Project Director(Uganda)Mr. Buringuriza directs the ICBE ResearchFund, which seeks to improve Africa’sinvestment climate through research andadvocacy. He has worked for 25 years onmany private-sector initiatives in the GreatLakes region, including Business AssociationsSupport and Entrepreneurship Training withUSAID; Matching Grant Schemes for BusinessDevelopment Services with the World Bank; the Better RegulationInitiative with DFID; Public-Private Dialogue between BusinessAssociations and Government; and most recently a World Bank Fund topromote the entry of private businesses into the liberalized energysector in Uganda. He holds an MBA from the Maastricht School ofManagement (MSM/ESAMI) and a B.Sc. in Electrical Engineering fromMakerere University in Uganda. He is fluent in several African languages,English, and French.El-Hadj Diallo, Driver (Senegal)Mr. Diallo previously worked for the UnitedNations Office for Project Services (UNOPS).A trained mechanic, he is now studyingbookkeeping at the Cheikh Anta DiopUniversity of Dakar. He is multilingual inseveral African languages, French, English,and German.41Adhiambo Odaga, Trésorière (Kenya)Dr. Odaga est la représentante de la Fondation Ford pour l’Afrique del’Ouest depuis Novembre 2001. Auparavant elle a était administrateurde programme pour l’environnement et la micro finance en Afrique del’Ouest de la dite fondation. Avant de rejoindre la Fondation, elle atravaillé sur un projet pour renforcer le rôle de la Banque mondiale dansla promotion de la scolarisation des femmes en Afrique et a été laspécialiste en science sociale pour l’Afrique de l’Ouest du InternationalPotato Center basé au Cameroun. Elle est titulaire d’un doctorat (Ph.D.)de St. Anthony’s College, de l’Université d’Oxford où elle est entrée entant que première boursière de la Fondation Cecil Rhodes.Gerry Salole, Président (l’Éthiopie/Somalie)Dr. Salole est le Directeur exécutif du European Foundation Centre. Ilest titulaire d’une maîtrise (M.A.) en économie de l’Université deManchester et d’un doctorat (Ph.D.) en anthropologie de l’Université deManchester. Parmi les postes occupés précédemment, on note : lereprésentant du Bureau de l’Afrique australe de la Fondation Ford basé àJohannesburg, et Chef du Département Programme Documentation etCommunication de la Fondation Bernard van Leer, basée à La Haie.Auparavant, Dr Salole a travaillé pour Save the Children Federation(USA) en Éthiopie et au Zimbabwe, ainsi que pour Redd Barna(Fédération norvégienne de Save the Children), OXFAM et le HCR dansson pays natal, l’Éthiopie. Il a beaucoup écrit sur les questions dedéveloppement et d’identité.Bahru Zewde (l’Éthiopie)Professeur Zewde est un éminent historien qui est actuellement unprofesseur émérite d’histoire à l’Université d’Addis-Abeba. Il estmembre fondateur du Forum for Social Studies dont il a été le présidentdu Conseil d’administration de 1998 à 2004. Il est également très actif àla direction de plusieurs associations panafricaines, associations sousrégionales et réseaux de recherche. Le Professeur Zewde est égalementl’auteur de l’important livre A History of Modern Ethiopia 1885–1991 etPioneersof Changein Ethiopia: TheReformist Intellectualsof theEarlyTwentieth Century. Il est titulaire d’un doctorat (Ph.D.) du School ofOriental and African Studies de l’Université de Londres.Personnel (A la date du 31 mars 2007)Akwasi Aidoo, Directeur exécutif (Ghana)Voir sa biographie ci-dessus.Mildred K. Barya, Auteur Résident (Ouganda)Mme. Barya nous a rejoint en août 2007 pour écrire une chronique sur lacréation et le développement de TrustAfrica. Comme auteur, poète etpsychologue organisationnel, elle a travaillé dans l’industrie du livre,l’audiovisuel et la consultance en ressources humaines avec des ONG,des entreprises privées et des institutions publiques. Elle étaitprécédemment le conseiller en ressources humaines de Ernst & Young,en Ouganda. Elle a étudié à l’Université de Makéréré, à l’Université deMoi et à l’Université Internationale de la Femme à Hambourg. Mme.Barya a récemment passé neuf mois comme auteur résident auProgramme d’Écriture ‘‘Per Sesh’’ à Popenguine, au Sénégal, où elle aachevé son premier roman, What WasLeft Behind. Elle prendactuellement des cours d'écriture et de langue Egyptiennes.Emmanuel Buringuriza, Directeur de Projet (Ouganda)M. Buringuriza dirige le fonds de recherche de l’ICBE, qui cherche àaméliorer les climats des investissements et l’environnement desaffaires en Afrique par la recherche et le plaidoyer. Il a travaillé pendant25 ans sur beaucoup d’initiatives sur le secteur privé dans la région desGrands Lacs, y compris Business Associations Support etEntrepreneurship Training avec l’USAID; Matching Grant Schemes pourle Business Development Services avec la Banque Mondiale; laMeilleure Initiative de Réglementation avec le DFID; le Dialogue entre lePublic et Privé, entre Associations et Gouvernement; et plus récemmentun Fonds de la Banque Mondiale pour promouvoir l’entrée desentreprises privées dans la libéralisation du secteur de l’énergie enOuganda. Il a obtenu un MBA de Maastricht School of Management(MSM/ESAMI) et une licence en Science du département Electroniquede l’Univ-ersité de Makerere en Ouganda. Il parle plusieurs languesafricaines, ainsi que l’Anglais et le Français.El-Hadj Diallo, Chauffeur (Sénégal)M. Diallo a travaillé avant pour le Bureau des Nations Unies pour lesServices d’appui aux Projets (UNOPS). Un mécanicien de formation il aétudié la comptabilité à l’université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar. Il parleplusieurs langues africaines mais aussi le, Français, l’Anglais et l’Allemand.Fatouma Dioukhané, Chargé de la logistique (Sénégal/Guinée)Mme. Dioukhané a travaillé avant au bureau régional du ProgrammeAlimentaire Mondial de l’Afrique de l’Ouest et au bureau régional duComité International des Secours de l’Afrique de l’Ouest. Elle a fait desétudes en Marketing et en Anglais à l’Université Cheikh Anta Diop deDakar. Elle parle couramment le français et l’Anglais mais s’exprime un peuen Allemand.Linda Bessem Ebot, Assistante Administrative (Cameroun)Mme. Ebot nous est venue avec une expérience antérieure enAdministration et Secrétariat à l’IDEP (Institut Africain deDéveloppement Economique et de Planification) de Dakar. Elle parlecouramment l’Anglais, le Français et plusieurs autres langues africaines.Jeanne Elone, Correspondant du Programme(Cameroun/France/États-Unis)Mme. Elone travaille avec le fonds de recherche de l’CIEA et comme lienadministratif à nos programmes de base. Elle a vécu au Cameroun, au40UCLAInternationalInstitute
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Fatouma Dioukhané, Logistics Officer(Senegal/Guinea)Ms. Dioukhané previously worked at theWorld Food Programme’s regional office forWest Africa and at the International RescueCommittee’s regional office for West Africa.She studied marketing and English at theCheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar. She isfluent in English, French, and several Africanlanguages and has conversational German.Linda Bessem Ebot, Administrative Assistant(Cameroon)Ms. Ebot comes to us with previousadministrative and secretarial experience atthe U.N.’s African Institute for EconomicDevelopment and Planning (IDEP) in Dakar.She is fluent in English, French, and severalAfrican languages.Jeanne Elone, Program Associate(Cameroon/France/United States)Ms. Elone works with the ICBE ResearchFund and serves as an administrative link toour core programs. She has lived inCameroon, Burkina Faso, France, and theUnited States, working on issues rangingfrom fair trade and agricultural subsidies tohuman rights to development finance. Shestudied at Columbia University in New Yorkand at the National Institute for Political Science in Paris. She is bilingualin French and English.Adama N. Kouyate, Finance Manager (Guinea)Ms. Kouyate oversees our accounting andbanking operations, ensuring that we maintainstrong internal controls and adhere toestablished accounting procedures. She waspreviously the director of finance andoperations at the Touch Foundation in NewYork, where she also worked at theRockefeller Foundation, the InternationalPeace Academy, and the Congress of RacialEquality. She holds degrees from BaruchCollege and New York University and is multilingual in several Africanlanguages, French, and English.Bhekinkosi Moyo, Research Fellow (Zimbabwe)Dr. Moyo conducts research on pertinentissues in the field of philanthropy in Africa,with an eye to building and strengtheningpartnerships with other African foundations.Known for his expertise in philanthropy, civilsociety, and governance, he holds a doctoratein political science from the University of theWitwatersrand in South Africa. He previouslyworked at the Africa Institute of South Africaand at the Institute for Democracy in South Africa. He has written andpublished more than 15 conference papers, journal articles, and bookchapters and co-edited What About theChildren: TheSilent VoicesinMaintenance(2004), which explores issues of poverty, abuse, and thesocial security system in South Africa in the 21st century. His latestcollection of edited articles, Africa in theGlobal Power Play: Debates,Challengesand Potential Reforms(Adonis & Abbey, London, 2007),addresses the current position of Africa in international political andeconomic relations. He is fluent in English and working on his French.Chantal Uwimana, Program Director (Burundi)Ms. Uwimana plays a lead role in developingand implementing our program strategy. Shepreviously headed the Africa Program atTransparency International’s secretariat inBerlin, guiding its engagement with civilsociety groups, the African Union, the AfricanParliamentarians Network AgainstCorruption, the African Commission forHuman and People’s Rights, and the AfricanDevelopment Bank. She has also worked for Voluntary Services Overseasin the UK and for John Snow International-UK. She has lived and workedon aid projects in the Gambia and Belgium. She holds a Master’s degree indevelopment policy and management from the University of Antwerpand is fluent in English, French, Flemish, and Kirundi.43Burkina Faso, en France et aux Etats Unis d’Amérique et a travaillé surdes questions allant du commerce équitable aux subventions, àl’agriculture, aux droits humains et au financement du développement.Elle a fait ses études à l’Université Columbia de New York et à l’Institutd’Études Politiques de Paris. Elle est bilingue, Français et anglais.Adama N. Kouyate, Responsable Financier (Guinée)Mme. Kouyaté supervise nos opérations bancaires et comptables pourveiller au maintien d’un contrôle interne ferme et au respect desprocédures comptables en vigueur. Elle a travaillé avant commeDirectrice des finances et des opérations à la Touch Foundation à NewYork, où elle a aussi travaillé à la Rockefeller Foundation, au InternationalPeace Academy et au Congrès pour l’égalité Raciale. Elle a un diplômede Baruch Collège et de l’Université de New York. Elle parle plusieurslangues de plusieurs pays africains, en plus du Français et de l’AnglaisBhekinkosi Moyo, Chercheur attaché à l’Université (Zimbabwe)M. Moyo fait de la recherche sur des sujets pertinents dans le domainede la philanthropie en Afrique dans le but de créer et de renforcer despartenariats avec d’autres fondations en Afrique. Connu pour sonexpertise sur les questions relatives à la philanthropie, la société civileet la gouvernance, il est titulaire d’un doctorat en sciences politiques del’Université de Witwatersrand en Afrique du Sud. Il a travaillé avant àl’Institut Africain de l’Afrique du Sud à l’Institut pour la Démocratie enAfrique du Sud. Il a écrit et publié plus de 15 documents de conférence,Articles de journaux et chapitres dans des livres et a co-édité le livreWhat About theChildren: TheSilent Voicesin Maintenance(2004),qui étudie les questions de pauvreté, d’abus, et de système de sécuritésociale en Afrique du Sud au 21e siècle. Sa dernière collection d’articlesédités Africa in theGlobal Power Play: Debates, ChallengesandPotential Reforms(Adonis & Abbey, London, 2007), porte sur la positionactuelle de l’Afrique dans les relations économiques et politiques auniveau international. Il parle couramment l’Anglais et a un bon niveaude français.Chantal Uwimana, Directrice des Programmes (Burundi)Mme. Uwimana joue un rôle principal dans le développement et la miseen oeuvre de notre stratégie de programme. Avant, elle a eu à diriger leprogramme Afrique au Secrétariat de Transparency International àBerlin, orientant son engagement avec les groupes de la société civile,l’Union Africaine, le réseau des Parlementaires Africains contre lacorruption, la Commission africaine des droits Humains et des peupleset la Banque Africaine de Développement. Elle a aussi travaillé pour lesServices des Volontaires d’Outre Mer du Royaume Uni et pour JohnSnow International-UK. Elle a vécu et travaillé sur des projetsd’assistance en Gambie et en Belgique. Elle est titulaire d’une Maîtriseen Elaboration des politiques et Gestion de l’Université d’Antwerp etparle couramment l’Anglais, le Français, le Flamand et le Kiroundi.ConsultantsHawa Ba, Consultante en ProgrammesMelissa Browne, Consultante en Collecte de fondsPeter da Costa, Consultante en ProgrammesAseghedech Ghirmazion, Consultante en ProgrammesSaki Mafundikwa, Consultant en ConceptionPaul Opoku-Mensah, Consultant en PhilanthropieChristopher Reardon, Consultant en CommunicationsDispositif d’Appui Technique–Afrique de l’Ouest et du Centre,Consultante en ProgrammesCréditsEditorialChristopher ReardonConceptionSaki MafundikwaImpressionPrécigraph Ltd., Mauritius42
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ConsultantsHawa Ba, Program ConsultantMelissa Browne, Fundraising ConsultantPeter da Costa, Program ConsultantAseghedech Ghirmazion, Program ConsultantSaki Mafundikwa, Design ConsultantPaul Opoku-Mensah, Philanthropy ConsultantChristopher Reardon, Communications ConsultantTechnical Support Facility–West and Central Africa, Program ConsultantsCreditsEditorialChristopher ReardonDesignSaki MafundikwaPrintingPrécigraph Ltd., MauritiusMermoz PyrotechnieRoute de la Stèle, Lot N° SR 12BP 45435Dakar-Fann, SénégalTel: +221.33.869.46.86 • Fax: +221.33.824.15.67info@trustafrica.orgwww.trustafrica.org© 2009 TrustAfrica44Cover ArtMontage of faces from across the continent.Photo CreditsSaki Mafundikwa, Christopher Reardon, Siegfried Modola/IRIN,Manoocher Deghati/IRIN, Tugela Ridley/IRIN, Tiggy Ridley/IRIN,Giacomo Pirozzi/Panos Pictures, Ami Vitale/Panos Pictures,George Osodi/Panos Pictures, Penny Tweedie/Panos Pictures